{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T10:44:50Z","timestamp":1767523490515},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"07","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Laryngorhinootologie"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Zusammenfassung<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seit Beginn der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie werden zunehmend Abstriche oder andere Beprobungen aus dem oberen Aerodigestivtrakt genommen, da hier vor allen Dingen in fr\u00fchen Erkrankungsstadien hohe Viruslasten bestehen. Als diagnostische M\u00f6glichkeiten sind Abstriche aus der vorderen Nase, dem Nasopharynx oder dem Oropharynx sowie die Gewinnung von Rachensp\u00fclwasser oder Speichel m\u00f6glich. Als Labormethoden stehen in einigen Minuten ablesbare Antigentests oder langwierigere RT-PCR-Methoden zur Verf\u00fcgung. Abstriche werden von \u00e4rztlichem Personal, medizinischem Fachpersonal, Laien und im Eigentest, jeweils nach Instruktionen, durchgef\u00fchrt. Auf die Aussagekraft und die Sensitivit\u00e4t des gesamten diagnostischen Prozesses haben somit viele dieser Faktoren einen Einfluss. Die PCR-Labormethode ist sensitiver als die Antigenmethode; der Abstrich aus dem Nasopharynx wird als der valideste Abstrichort angesehen. Eine korrekte Durchf\u00fchrung eines Tests kann auch bei nicht professionellen Personen mit guten Instruktionen erreicht werden. Komplikationen werden bei solchen Abstrichen, gemessen an der anzunehmenden Anzahl durchgef\u00fchrter Prozeduren, sehr selten berichtet. Kurzfristiges Nasenbluten bei traumatischen Abstrichen ist anzunehmen, ohne dass dar\u00fcber Publikationen aufgefunden werden konnten. Abgebrochene Abstrichtr\u00e4ger mussten HNO-\u00e4rztlich entfernt werden. Verletzungen der Sch\u00e4delbasis mit Liquorrh\u00f6 wurden bisher sehr vereinzelt berichtet, davon 2-mal bei Anomalien wie Meningozelen. Die Wahl eines geeigneten diagnostischen Mediums h\u00e4ngt von vielen Parametern, wie Verf\u00fcgbarkeit, zeitlicher Ablauf bis zum Ergebnis, Abstrich durch kundiges Personal oder Eigentest und etlichen anderen praktischen Erw\u00e4gungen, ab.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1498-3549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T22:41:01Z","timestamp":1621464061000},"page":"517-525","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Der Nasen- oder Rachenabstrich in der COVID-19-Pandemie \u2013 Aspekte f\u00fcr den HNO-Arzt\/die HNO-\u00c4rztin \u2013 SARS-CoV-2, Coronavirus, Nasenabstrich, Rachenabstrich, Komplikationen"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Deitmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie, Bonn"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Dietz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hals-Nasen-Ohrenklinik, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I. F.","family":"Chaberny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Hygiene, Krankenhaushygiene und Umweltmedizin, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Pietsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Virologie, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.04004-2020","article-title":"Complications of nasal and pharyngeal swabs: a relevant challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic?","volume":"57","author":"B Foh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"252","article-title":"Hochfrequente Selbsttestung von Lehrenden aus SARS-COV-2 mit einem Antigen-Schnelltest","volume":"118","author":"S SB 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