{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T17:16:56Z","timestamp":1783185416512,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>According to current guidelines, inpatient management until birth is considered standard in pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). With the increasing burden on\n\t\t\t\t\tobstetric departments and the growing importance of satisfaction and right to self-determination in pregnant women, outpatient management in PPROM is a possible alternative to inpatient\n\t\t\t\t\tmonitoring. The most important criterion for this approach is to ensure the safety of both the mother and the child. Due to the small number of cases (n\u2009=\u2009116), two randomised controlled\n\t\t\t\t\ttrials (RCTs) comparing inpatient and outpatient management were unable to draw any conclusions. By 2020, eight retrospective comparative studies (cohort\/observational studies) yielded the\n\t\t\t\t\tfollowing outcomes: no significant differences in the rate of maternal complications (e.g., chorioamnionitis, premature placental abruption, umbilical cord prolapse) and in neonatal\n\t\t\t\t\tmorbidity, significantly prolonged latency period with higher gestational age at birth, higher birth weight of neonates, and significantly shorter length of stay of preterm infants in\n\t\t\t\t\tneonatal intensive care, shorter hospital stay of pregnant women, and lower treatment costs with outpatient management. Concerns regarding this approach are mainly related to unpredictable\n\t\t\t\t\tcomplications with the need for rapid obstetric interventions, which cannot be performed in time in an outpatient setting. Prerequisites for outpatient management are the compliance of the\n\t\t\t\t\texpectant mother, the adherence to strict selection criteria and the assurance of adequate monitoring at home. Future research should aim at more accurate risk assessment of obstetric\n\t\t\t\t\tcomplications through studies with higher case numbers and standardisation of outpatient management under evidence-based criteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1515-2801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T18:44:05Z","timestamp":1632941045000},"page":"410-419","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes \u2013 Inpatient Versus Outpatient Management: an Evidence-Based Review"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Werner","family":"Rath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Fakult\u00e4t, Gyn\u00e4kologie und Geburtshilfe, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Maul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frauenkliniken der Asklepios Kliniken Barmbek, Wandsbek und Nord-Heidberg, c\/o. Asklepios Klinik Barmbek, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Kyvernitakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frauenkliniken der Asklepios Kliniken Barmbek, Wandsbek und Nord-Heidberg, c\/o. Asklepios Klinik Barmbek, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Stelzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinik f\u00fcr Gyn\u00e4kologie, Geburtshilfe und Gyn\u00e4kologische Endokrinologie, Kepler Universit\u00e4tsklinikum, Johannes Kepler Universit\u00e4t Linz, Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4","article-title":"Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth","volume":"371","author":"R L Goldenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2005.03.003","article-title":"Preterm premature rupture of the membranes: current approaches to evaluation and management","volume":"32","author":"B M Mercer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"178","article-title":"Preterm premature rupture of the membranes","volume":"101","author":"B M Mercer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002663","article-title":"ACOG practice bulletin no. 188: prelabor rupture of membranes","volume":"131","author":"K Kuba","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref5","first-page":"CD001058","article-title":"Antibiotics for preterm rupture of membranes","author":"S Kenyon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90591-X","article-title":"Preterm premature rupture of membranes and abruptio placentae: is there an association between these pregnancy complications?","volume":"172","author":"C A Major","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.3109\/14767050903019650","article-title":"Factors affecting the duration of the latency period in preterm premature rupture of membranes","volume":"22","author":"N Melamed","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2014.987114","article-title":"Expectant management of PPROM and major complications before planned delivery: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"35","author":"J Bendix","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-014-3227-3","article-title":"Risk factors and perinatal outcomes associated with latency in preterm premature rupture of membranes between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation","volume":"290","author":"A Ekin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2012.733779","article-title":"Premature rupture of membranes before 34 weeks managed expectantly: maternal and perinatal outcomes in singletons","volume":"26","author":"M Goya","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.01.022","article-title":"Transvaginal cervical length and amniotic fluid index: can it predict delivery latency following preterm premature rupture of membranes?","volume":"212","author":"S Mehra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-010-1448-7","article-title":"Factors affecting the latency period in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes","volume":"283","author":"G Test","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1998.11010023.x","article-title":"The value of transvaginal ultrasonographic examination of the uterine cervix in predicting preterm delivery in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes","volume":"11","author":"G Rizzo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1122","article-title":"Sonographic measurement of cervical length in preterm prelabor amniorrhexis","volume":"24","author":"E Tsoi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"2650","article-title":"Factors associated with latency period in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes","volume":"29","author":"V Phupong","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"57","article-title":"Length of latency with preterm premature rupture of membranes before 32 weeks\u02bc gestation","volume":"32","author":"A M Peaceman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.07.045","article-title":"Preterm premature rupture of membranes: does the duration of latency influence perinatal outcomes?","volume":"201","author":"T A Manuck","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550120049032","article-title":"Antibiotic therapy for reduction of infant morbidity after preterm premature rupture of the membranes: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"278","author":"B M Mercer","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref19","first-page":"CD004735","article-title":"Planned early birth versus expectant management for women with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes prior to 37 weeks\u02bc gestation for improving pregnancy outcome","author":"D M Bond","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e152","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15803","article-title":"Care of women presenting with suspected preterm prelabour rupture of membranes from 24\u2009+\u20090 weeks of gestation","volume":"126","author":"A Thomson","year":"2019","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"998","article-title":"Preterm premature rupture of membranes: CNGOF Guidelines for clinical practice \u2013 Short version","volume":"46","author":"T Schmitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"678","article-title":"Ambulante Betreuung hypertensiver Schwangerer","volume":"61","author":"W Rath","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frauenarzt"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(42)90648-3","article-title":"Premature rupture of membranes: A clinical study","volume":"43","author":"J Morton","year":"1942","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)38801-9","article-title":"Premature spontaneous rupture of the membranes","volume":"64","author":"L Calkins","year":"1952","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)36262-7","article-title":"Spontaneous premature rupture of the fetal membranes","volume":"82","author":"E S Taylor","year":"1961","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"396","volume-title":"Williams Obstetrics. The clinical course of labor, chapter 16","author":"NJ Eastman","year":"1966"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"741","volume-title":"Williams Obstetrics. Preterm and postterm pregnancy and inappropriate fetal growth, chapter 38","author":"F G Cunningham","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"61","article-title":"Preterm premature rupture of membranes: a randomized study of home versus hospital management","volume":"81","author":"S J Carlan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"S95","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of inpatient vs. outpatient management of PPROM","volume":"180","author":"G Ryan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref31","first-page":"CD008053","article-title":"Planned home versus hospital care for preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes (PPROM) prior to 37 weeks\u02bc gestation","author":"G Abou El Senoun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1004830","article-title":"Preterm premature rupture of membrane management-inpatient versus outpatient: A retrospective review","volume":"25","author":"S C Ellestad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12021","article-title":"Hospital versus outpatient care for preterm pre-labour rupture of membranes","volume":"53","author":"M Beckmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1341482","article-title":"Preterm premature rupture of membranes: is home care acceptable?","volume":"31","author":"C Dussaux","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"222","article-title":"[Home care of premature rupture of membranes prior to 37 weeks\u02bc gestation]","volume":"42","author":"E Huret","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Fertil"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"278","article-title":"[Preterm rupture of membranes: Is home care a safe management?]","volume":"45","author":"C Garabedian","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris)"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2016.03.001","article-title":"Management of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes: A Comparison of Inpatient and Outpatient Care","volume":"38","author":"E Catt","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12122","article-title":"A retrospective cohort study of hospital versus home care for pregnant women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes","volume":"137","author":"L Palmer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13433","article-title":"Preterm premature rupture of membranes: Which criteria contraindicate home care management?","volume":"97","author":"C Petit","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4280","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40585-8","article-title":"Outpatient versus inpatient care for preterm premature rupture of membranes before 34 weeks of gestation","volume":"9","author":"H Bouchghoul","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-019-05363-x","article-title":"Is homecare management associated with longer latency in preterm premature rupture of membranes?","volume":"301","author":"M Guckert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1308-2341","article-title":"Outpatient Induction of Labor\u2013Are Balloon Catheters an Appropriate Method?","volume":"81","author":"W Rath","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e031700","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-031700","article-title":"HOspital care versus TELemonitoring in high-risk pregnancy (HOTEL): study protocol for a multicentre non-inferiority randomised controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"J F Van Den Heuvel","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"249","article-title":"Association of prolonged, preterm premature rupture of the membranes and abruptio placentae","volume":"31","author":"D M Nelson","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199809000-00006","article-title":"The home management of preterm premature ruptured membranes","volume":"41","author":"M C Bartfield","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref47","first-page":"CD010209","article-title":"Fetal assessment methods for improving neonatal and maternal outcomes in preterm prelabour rupture of membranes","author":"G C Sharp","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.11.074","article-title":"Impact of latency duration on the prognosis of preterm infants after preterm premature rupture of membranes at 24 to 32 weeks\u02bc gestation: a national population-based cohort study","volume":"182","author":"E Lorthe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-14-97","article-title":"EPIPAGE 2: a preterm birth cohort in France in 2011","volume":"14","author":"P Y Ancel","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(02)00064-4","article-title":"Home management of preterm premature rupture of membranes","volume":"78","author":"A W Ayres","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"463","article-title":"Outcome and cost analysis of preterm premature rupture of membranes in an outpatient setting","volume":"174","author":"D Martin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-820506","article-title":"Maternal stressors during prolonged antepartum hospitalization following transfer for maternal-fetal indications","volume":"21","author":"N M Doyle","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.2007.00159.x","article-title":"Listening to the voices of hospitalized high-risk antepartum patient","volume":"36","author":"M S Richter","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2006.00651.x","article-title":"The psychosocial outcomes of antenatal day care for three medical complications of pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial of 395 women","volume":"46","author":"D A Turnbull","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.08.005","article-title":"Contemporary management of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM): a survey of maternal-fetal medicine providers","volume":"191","author":"P S Ramsey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-1515-2801.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T07:51:16Z","timestamp":1764057076000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-1515-2801"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1515-2801","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0016-5751","1438-8804"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0016-5751","type":"print"},{"value":"1438-8804","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]]}}}