{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T02:09:29Z","timestamp":1773281369993,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Purpose To compare the topographical tear film break-up time (T-BUT) between individuals recovering from COVID-19 and control subjects using a noninvasive and noncontact technique with a Scheimpflug-Placido disc topographer.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methods One-hundred and twenty-two eyes from 61 post-COVID-19 patients and 124 eyes from 62 control subjects were included in this prospective study. All participants underwent detailed ophthalmological examination including best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure measurements, slit lamp examination, and fundoscopy as well as qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the noninvasive first tear film break-up time (NIF-BUT) and noninvasive average tear film break-up time (NIAvg-BUT) with T-BUT measured with a Sirius (CSO \u2013 Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici S.\u200ar.\u200al., Italy) corneal topography device.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results The mean NIF-BUT in post-COVID-19 and control patients was 5.2\u2009\u00b1\u20093.4 vs. 6.5\u2009\u00b1\u20093.2\u2009sec, respectively. The mean NIAvg-BUT in the corresponding groups was 7.5\u2009\u00b1\u20093.5 vs. 8.8\u2009\u00b1\u20093.0\u2009sec, respectively. Both NIF-BUT and NIAvg-BUT were significantly lower in the post-COVID-19 group than in controls (p\u2009=\u20090.004 vs. 0.020). Topographical tear film break-up at any time during the test (17\u2009sec) was observed qualitatively in 79 eyes (64.8%) in the post-COVID-19 group and 57 eyes (46%) in the control group (p\u2009=\u20090.003). Moreover, temporal quadrant involvement occurred significantly more frequently in the post-COVID-19 group (p\u2009=\u20090.028).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusion Tear film stability assessment based on T-BUT showed shorter NIF-BUT and NIAvg-BUT in post-COVID-19 patients as compared to the control group. Our results suggest that post-COVID-19 patients have impaired stability of tear film, and therefore require closer monitoring regarding dry eye. In addition, tear film instability in post-COVID-19 patients can be reliably detected using a noninvasive and noncontact technique that is more comfortable for both patients and physicians.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1585-2239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T22:43:46Z","timestamp":1634856226000},"page":"338-345","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Instability of Tear Film after Novel Coronavirus Disease: A Noninvasive and No Contact Method by a Scheimpflug-Placido Disc Topographer"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"239","author":[{"given":"Yakup","family":"Acet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Mardin State Hospital, Mardin, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baris","family":"\u00c7il","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chest Diseases, Mardin State Hospital, Mardin, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Kabak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chest Diseases, Mardin State Hospital, Mardin, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esra","family":"Vural","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, Kayseri City Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Situation Report\u201322","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30313-5","article-title":"2019-nCoV transmission through the ocular surface must not be ignored","volume":"395","author":"C W 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