{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T07:32:57Z","timestamp":1764055977549,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Objective Several dog breeds suffer from health and welfare problems due to unfavorable anatomies and high prevalence of inherited diseases. Veterinarians should care for animal health and welfare but they may also be involved in breeding management including the use of reproductive techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Material and methods An online survey was conducted to find out how veterinarians who are involved in small animal reproduction regard ethical issues, which services they provide, how they discuss and handle ethical concerns and talk about them with breeders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results In total, 83 participants mainly from Europe completed the online survey. Opinions on which interventions are ethical or not were heterogeneous. Most respondents (79.2 %) found it ethical to perform artificial insemination (AI) in dogs which did not reproduce naturally before. However, 62.7 % of participants stated that surgical insemination is not ethical. Elective cesarean sections are considered not ethical by approximately half of the participants. A closer look at responses to the questions of whether AI is ethical under specific conse quences suggests that most veterinarians are making ethical and value judgments in terms of what is justifiable or not. However, more than 80 % feel at least sometimes compromised by ethical conflicts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Clinical relevance This research intended to foster discussion of this topic. International strategies should be developed to support solving conflicts and dilemmas related to ethical issues in dog breeding and assisted reproduction, as well as diminishing physical disabilities and heritable diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1661-3053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T20:25:21Z","timestamp":1635884721000},"page":"5-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ethics in canine reproduction \u2013 a survey among veterinarians who provide canine reproductive services"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Sebastian P.","family":"Arlt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Free University of Berlin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"\u00d8vregaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AniCura Askoy Dyreklinikk"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3390\/ani8010015","article-title":"Speaking Up: Veterinary Ethical Responsibilities and Animal Welfare Issues in Everyday Practice","volume":"8","author":"E Hernandez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"12","article-title":"A critical view on the development of breeding dogs from a pathologist\u2019s perspective","volume":"54","author":"A D Gruber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod Dom Anim"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40575-016-0032-2","article-title":"Trends in popularity of some morphological traits of purebred dogs in Australia","author":"K T Teng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Canine Genet Epidem"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0909918107","article-title":"Tracking footprints of artificial selection in the dog genome","volume":"107","author":"J M Akey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2008.01157.x","article-title":"The ethics and role of AI with fresh and frozen semen in dogs","author":"GC W England","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/jbg.12017","article-title":"The effects of dog breed development on genetic diversity and the relative influences of performance and conformation breeding","volume":"130","author":"N Pedersen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Anim Breed Genet"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-50-S1-S6","article-title":"Animal welfare in modern dog breeding","volume":"50","author":"A Indrebo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Act Vet Scand"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1017\/S0962728600002335","article-title":"Welfare concerns associated with pedigree dog breeding in the UK","volume":"19","author":"N J Rooney","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anim Welf"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0172091","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172091","article-title":"Why do people buy dogs with potential welfare problems related to extreme conformation and inherited disease? 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Heimtiere"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-1661-3053.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T07:28:23Z","timestamp":1764055703000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-1661-3053"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1661-3053","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-1239","2567-5842"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1434-1239"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2567-5842"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]}}}