{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T22:02:54Z","timestamp":1790373774590,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"14","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Planta Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The herbal preparation ayahuasca has been an important part of ritual and healing practices, deployed to access invisible worlds in several indigenous groups in the Amazon basin and among mestizo populations of South America. The preparation is usually known to be composed of two main plants, Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis, which produce both hallucinogenic and potent purging and emetic effects; currently, these are considered its major pharmacological activities. In recent decades, the psychoactive and visionary effect of ayahuasca has been highly sought after by the shamanic tourism community, which led to the popularization of ayahuasca use globally and to a cultural distancing from its traditional cosmological meanings, including that of purging and emesis. Further, the field of ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology has also produced relatively limited data linking the phytochemical diversity of ayahuasca with the different degrees of\n\t\t\t\t\tits purging and emetic versus psychoactive effects. Similarly, scientific interest has also principally addressed the psychological and mental health effects of ayahuasca, overlooking the cultural and pharmacological importance of the purging and emetic activity. The aim of this review is therefore to shed light on the understudied purging and emetic effect of ayahuasca herbal preparation. It firstly focuses on reviewing the cultural relevance of emesis and purging in the context of Amazonian traditions. Secondly, on the basis of the main known phytochemicals described in the ayahuasca formula, a comprehensive pharmacological evaluation of their emetic and purging properties is presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1675-3840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T23:44:22Z","timestamp":1637279062000},"page":"1275-1286","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Beyond the Psychoactive Effects of Ayahuasca: Cultural and Pharmacological Relevance of Its Emetic and Purging Properties"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Matteo","family":"Politi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden \u201cGiardino dei Semplici\u201d, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi \u201cGabriele d\u02bcAnnunzio\u201d, Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Research Department, Center for Drug Addiction Treatment and Research on Traditional Medicines \u2013 Takiwasi, Tarapoto, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Tresca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden \u201cGiardino dei Semplici\u201d, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi \u201cGabriele d\u02bcAnnunzio\u201d, Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7346-7395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Menghini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden \u201cGiardino dei Semplici\u201d, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi \u201cGabriele d\u02bcAnnunzio\u201d, Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Ferrante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden \u201cGiardino dei Semplici\u201d, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi \u201cGabriele d\u02bcAnnunzio\u201d, Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11207","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1902174116","article-title":"Chemical evidence for the use of multiple psychotropic plants in a 1000-year-old ritual bundle from South America","volume":"116","author":"M J Miller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2008.09.036","article-title":"Identification of psychoactive alkaloids in ancient Andean human hair by gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry","volume":"36","author":"J P Ogalde","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Archaeol Sci"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2016.00035","article-title":"The therapeutic potentials of ayahuasca: Possible effects against various diseases of 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