{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T22:48:03Z","timestamp":1792018083350,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AJP Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Objective\u2003The objective of the study was to review the obstetric outcomes of complete hydatidiform molar pregnancies with a coexisting fetus (CHMCF), a rare clinical entity that is not well described.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Materials and Methods\u2003We performed a retrospective case series with pathology-confirmed HMCF. The cases were collected via solicitation through a private maternal-fetal medicine physician group on social media. Each contributing institution from across the United States (n\u2009=\u20099) obtained written informed consent from the patients directly, obtained institutional data transfer agreements as required, and transmitted the data using a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) compliant modality. Data collected included maternal, fetal\/genetic, placental, and delivery characteristics. For descriptive analysis, continuous variables were reported as median with standard deviation and range.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results\u2003Nine institutions contributed to the 14 cases collected. Nine (64%) cases of CHMCF were a product of assisted reproductive technology and one case was trizygotic. The median gestational age at diagnosis was 12 weeks and 2 days (9 weeks\u201319 weeks and 4 days), and over half were diagnosed in the first trimester. The median human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) at diagnosis was 355,494 mIU\/mL (49,770\u2013700,486 mIU\/mL). Placental mass size universally enlarged over the surveillance period. When invasive testing was performed, insufficient sample or no growth was noted in 40% of the sampled cases. Antenatal complications occurred in all delivered patients, with postpartum hemorrhage (71%) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (29%) being the most frequent outcomes. Delivery outcomes were variable. Four patients developed gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusion\u2003This series is the largest report of obstetric outcomes for CHMCF to date and highlights the need to counsel patients about the severe maternal and fetal complications in continuing pregnancies, including progression to gestational trophoblastic neoplastic disease.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Key Points\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1678-3563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T22:35:45Z","timestamp":1635201345000},"page":"e96-e107","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Complete Molar Pregnancies with a Coexisting Fetus: Pregnancy Outcomes and Review of Literature"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3752-4433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roxanna A.","family":"Irani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerry","family":"Holliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Austin Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Austin, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Debbink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrix Medical Group, Beacon Memorial Hospital, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, South Bend, Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krista","family":"Mehlhaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cara","family":"Heuser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alisa","family":"Kachikis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristine","family":"Strickland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prevea Health, Maternal Fetal Medicine, Green Bay, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Tureson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Naval Readiness and Training Command, Twentynine Palms, Twentynine Palms, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Shank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Pilliod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Portland, Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chitra","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrix Medical Group of Texas, Fort Worth, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1627-3057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina S.","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Austin Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Austin, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09085-2","article-title":"Outcome of twin pregnancies with complete hydatidiform mole and healthy co-twin","volume":"359","author":"N J Sebire","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref2","first-page":"35","article-title":"Natural history of twin pregnancy with 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