{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T08:33:30Z","timestamp":1740126810249,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horm Metab Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypokalemia plays a central role for case finding, course, treatment decision,\n                    and prognosis of patients with primary aldosteronism. However, to date there is\n                    a lack of high-level evidence about the incidence of primary aldosteronism in\n                    hypokalemic patients. The IPAHK+study is an epidemiological,\n                    cross-sectional, monocentric study to provide evidence on the incidence of PA in\n                    a hypokalemic population. The aim of the current analysis was to describe the\n                    baseline characteristics of the first 100 patients eligible for study inclusion.\n                    The recruitment of patients with hypokalemia (\u22643\u2009mmol\/l) is\n                    carried out continuously on a referral-basis by the central laboratory of the\n                    University Hospital Zurich through an automated suitability testing and data\n                    delivery system. The careful evaluation of the first 100 reported patients was\n                    based on the available reporting system. Out of 28 140 screened patients, 222\n                    (0.79%) were identified with a serum potassium value\n                    of\u22643\u2009mmol\/l (mean 2.89\u00b10.02\u2009mmol\/l). Mean\n                    potassium levels were slightly lower in non-hypertensive subjects compared to\n                    hypertensive subjects (mean difference 0.07\u2009mmol\/l, p=0.033),\n                    while no significant difference was found between the sexes and patients with\n                    and without the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism, atrial fibrillation, or the\n                    use of diuretics. The incidence of PA was 4% in the total population\n                    studied and 7.5% in the subgroup of hypertensive patients. In\n                    conclusion, the continuous enrollment of patients from the\n                        IPHAK+hypokalemia registry into the\n                        IPAHK+trial will provide evidence about the actual\n                    incidence of primary aldosteronism in a hypokalemic outpatient population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1685-0583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T23:55:36Z","timestamp":1639180536000},"page":"787-793","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Incidence of Primary Aldosteronism in Patients with Hypokalemia\n                        (IPAHK+): Study Design and Baseline\n                    Characteristics"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Sven","family":"Gruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition,\n                    University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich,\n                    Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evangelia","family":"Stasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition,\n                    University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich,\n                    Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Regula","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich and\n                    University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Reincke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universit\u00e4t\n                    M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Bornstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav\n                    Carus, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7826-3984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Beuschlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition,\n                    University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich,\n                    Switzerland"},{"name":"Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universit\u00e4t\n                    M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12831","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of primary aldosteronism: practical clinical\n                    perspectives","volume":"285","author":"W F Young","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.033597","article-title":"Primary aldosteronism","volume":"138","author":"J B Byrd","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.12935","article-title":"Primary aldosteronism","volume":"74","author":"J W Funder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-1013","article-title":"Screening for primary aldosteronism in hypertensive subjects: results from two\n                    German epidemiological studies","volume":"167","author":"A Hannemann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1097\/CRD.0000000000000281","article-title":"Primary aldosteronism: cardiovascular risk, diagnosis, and management","volume":"28","author":"P R Pillai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiol Rev"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1295438","article-title":"Prevalence of primary aldosteronism in patient\u2019s cohorts and in\n                    population-based studies \u2013 a review of the current literature","volume":"44","author":"A Hannemann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00139","article-title":"The expanding spectrum of primary aldosteronism: implications for diagnosis,\n                    pathogenesis, and treatment","volume":"39","author":"A Vaidya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-4061","article-title":"The management of primary aldosteronism: case detection, diagnosis, and\n                    treatment: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"101","author":"J W Funder","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1134-4980","article-title":"Hypokalemia and the prevalence of primary aldosteronism","volume":"52","author":"S Gruber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00139","article-title":"The expanding spectrum of primary aldosteronism: implications for diagnosis,\n                    pathogenesis, and treatment","volume":"39","author":"A Vaidya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031337","article-title":"Increased diagnosis of primary aldosteronism, including surgically correctable\n                    forms, in centers from five continents","volume":"89","author":"P Mulatero","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5700.18","article-title":"Falsely high plasma potassium values in patients with hyperaldosteronism","volume":"2","author":"J J Brown","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)--a metadata-driven methodology and\n                    workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"P A Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"713","article-title":"Screening for primary aldosteronism with a logistic multivariate discriminant\n                    analysis","volume":"49","author":"G P Rossi","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.30.111","article-title":"Prevalence of primary aldosteronism among unselected hypertensive patients: a\n                    prospective study based on the use of an aldosterone\/renin ratio above 25 as a\n                    screening test","volume":"30","author":"R Fogari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hyperten Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.01.052","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical manifestations of primary aldosteronism encountered in\n                    primary care practice","volume":"69","author":"S Monticone","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.07.059","article-title":"A prospective study of the prevalence of primary aldosteronism in 1,125\n                    hypertensive patients","volume":"48","author":"G P Rossi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e114","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp18X694589","article-title":"Prevalence of primary aldosteronism in primary care: a cross-sectional\n                    study","volume":"68","author":"S C K\u00e4yser","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"136","article-title":"Acid-base and electrolyte disorders in patients with and without chronic kidney\n                    disease: an update","volume":"3","author":"T Dhondup","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Dis (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R135","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-18-0109","article-title":"Hypokalemia: a clinical update","volume":"7","author":"E Kardalas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199808133390707","article-title":"Hypokalemia","volume":"339","author":"F J Gennari","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V1143","article-title":"Effect of potassium intake on blood pressure","volume":"1","author":"G G Krishna","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2829","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0813069106","article-title":"Potassium softens vascular endothelium and increases nitric oxide release","volume":"106","author":"H Oberleithner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"485","article-title":"Salt loading and potassium supplementation: effects on ambulatory arterial\n                    stiffness index and endothelin-1 levels in normotensive and mild hypertensive\n                    patients","volume":"15","author":"Z Liu","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R546","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00491.2005","article-title":"Role of potassium in regulating blood flow and blood pressure","volume":"290","author":"F J Haddy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.12.006","article-title":"Potassium modulates electrolyte balance and blood pressure through effects on\n                    distal cell voltage and chloride","volume":"21","author":"A S Terker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14063","article-title":"Prevalence of hypokalemia and primary aldosteronism in 5100 patients referred to\n                    a tertiary hypertension unit","volume":"75","author":"J Burrello","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex : 1979)"}],"container-title":["Hormone and Metabolic Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-1685-0583.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T23:56:57Z","timestamp":1639180617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-1685-0583"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1685-0583","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-5043","1439-4286"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0018-5043"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1439-4286"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}}}