{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T05:30:59Z","timestamp":1771047059569,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Zusammenfassung<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Einleitung Ein kongenitaler Mikrophthalmus kann entweder isoliert\n\t\t\t\t\tauftreten (einfacher Mikrophthalmus) oder mit weiteren okul\u00e4ren Fehlbildungen,\n\t\t\t\t\twie einer Sklerokornea oder einer Katarakt, assoziiert sein (komplexer\n\t\t\t\t\tMikrophthalmus). Aufgrund des seltenen Auftretens fehlen einheitliche\n\t\t\t\t\tBehandlungsempfehlungen.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Material und Methoden Retrospektive Fallserie von 103\u00a0Patienten bzw.\n\t\t\t\t\tinsgesamt 114 Augen mit kongenitalem Mikrophthalmus mit Erfassung von Alter,\n\t\t\t\t\tGeschlecht, Visus, Pupillenreaktion, axialer Bulbusl\u00e4nge, horizontaler Weite der\n\t\t\t\t\tLidspalte, Art der durchgef\u00fchrten Therapie, Komplikationen.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Ergebnisse Alle Patienten waren ausnahmslos prim\u00e4r prothesenf\u00e4hig. Die\n\t\t\t\t\tGr\u00f6\u00dfe der Lidspalte hing vom zugrunde liegenden Befund ab: \u201ebeidseits\n\t\t\t\t\tMikrophthalmus\u201c &lt; \u201eMikrophthalmus und gesundes Partnerauge\u201c &lt;\n\t\t\t\t\t\u201eMikrophthalmus und Anophthalmus der anderen Seite\u201c. Um bei einem S\u00e4ugling in\n\t\t\t\t\tden ersten Lebenswochen oder -monaten die visuelle (Rest-)Funktion als\n\t\t\t\t\twichtigsten Faktor f\u00fcr die Entscheidung \u00fcber die Therapie zu beurteilen, ist die\n\t\t\t\t\tPupillenreaktion, speziell bei einseitiger Erkrankung die indirekte\n\t\t\t\t\tLichtreaktion des gesunden Auges, von gr\u00f6\u00dfter Bedeutung. In etwa der H\u00e4lfte der\n\t\t\t\t\tF\u00e4lle war eine konservative Prothesenbehandlung ausreichend. Nach der\n\t\t\t\t\terfolgreichen Erstanpassung einer Vorlegeprothese fand eine regelm\u00e4\u00dfige\n\t\t\t\t\tProthesenvergr\u00f6\u00dferung nach Ma\u00dfgabe des Okularisten statt. Wenn die\n\t\t\t\t\tBulbusl\u00e4ngendifferenz so gro\u00df war, dass auch mit einer doppelwandigen Prothese\n\t\t\t\t\tkeine Symmetrie zu erzielen war, wurde eine Volumenauff\u00fcllung durch retrobulb\u00e4r\n\t\t\t\t\timplantierte selbstquellende Pelletexpander (osmed GmbH, Ilmenau) angeboten. Bei\n\t\t\t\t\tknapp einem Drittel der Patienten erfolgte keine operative Therapie oder\n\t\t\t\t\tprothetische Versorgung. Die Ursache daf\u00fcr war meist das Vorliegen einer\n\t\t\t\t\tminimalen Sehfunktion des Mikrophthalmus (Wahrnehmung von Lichtschein bis Angabe\n\t\t\t\t\tvon Handbewegungen).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Schlussfolgerung Bei vorhandener Sehf\u00e4higkeit des Mikrophthalmus sollten\n\t\t\t\t\toperative Ma\u00dfnahmen nicht oder nur mit \u00e4u\u00dferster Zur\u00fcckhaltung indiziert werden,\n\t\t\t\t\tda der Erhalt des vorhandenen Visus als vorrangig vor dem kosmetischen Befund\n\t\t\t\t\tangesehen werden muss. Bei Asymmetrie oder unterentwickelter Lidspalte kann der\n\t\t\t\t\tTherapiebeginn fr\u00fchzeitig im 1.\u00a0Lebensjahr erfolgen, ohne dass daraus\n\t\t\t\t\tresultierende Komplikationen zu bef\u00fcrchten sind.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1685-5002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]],"date-time":"2022-02-04T23:46:24Z","timestamp":1644018384000},"page":"64-72","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Therapiestrategien bei 103 Kindern mit kongenitalem\n\t\t\t\t\tMikrophthalmus"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"239","author":[{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Schittkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abteilung Augenheilkunde, Bereich Strabologie, Neuroophthalmologie und\n\t\t\t\t\tokuloplastische Chirurgie, Universit\u00e4tsmedizin G\u00f6ttingen,\n\t\t\t\t\tDeutschland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Martius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik und Poliklinik f\u00fcr Augenheilkunde, Universit\u00e4t Rostock,\n\t\t\t\t\tDeutschland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Elabbasy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abteilung Augenheilkunde, Bereich Strabologie, Neuroophthalmologie und\n\t\t\t\t\tokuloplastische Chirurgie, Universit\u00e4tsmedizin G\u00f6ttingen,\n\t\t\t\t\tDeutschland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steffi","family":"Knappe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik und Poliklinik f\u00fcr Augenheilkunde, Universit\u00e4t Rostock,\n\t\t\t\t\tDeutschland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rudolf F.","family":"Guthoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik und Poliklinik f\u00fcr Augenheilkunde, Universit\u00e4t Rostock,\n\t\t\t\t\tDeutschland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"416","volume-title":"Anophthalmos and extreme Microphthalmos","author":"S Duke-Elder","year":"1964"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.30.8.664","article-title":"Classification of microphthalmos and coloboma","volume":"30","author":"M Warburg","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-2-47","article-title":"Anophthalmia and microphthalmia","volume":"2","author":"A S Verma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1996.65","article-title":"Systemic anomalies in 77 patients with congenital anophthalmos or\n\t\t\t\t\tmicrophthalmos","volume":"10","author":"S Tucker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.163436","article-title":"Systemic and ophthalmological anomalies in congenital anophthalmic or\n\t\t\t\t\tmicrophthalmic patients","volume":"94","author":"M P Schittkowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1413","article-title":"Population-based birth defects data in the United States, 2011\u20132015: A focus on\n\t\t\t\t\teye and ear defects","volume":"110","author":"E B Stallings","year":"2018","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13465","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.13465","article-title":"Eye Conformers as Socket Expanders in Children: Experience at a Tertiary Eye\n\t\t\t\t\tHospital in Central Saudi Arabia","volume":"13","author":"N Changal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/cga.12304","article-title":"Congenital eye anomalies: More mosaic than thought?","volume":"59","author":"H Ohuchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Congenit Anom (Kyoto)"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/mgg3.2","article-title":"Clinical and mutation analysis of 51 probands with anophthalmia and\/or severe\n\t\t\t\t\tmicrophthalmia from a single center","volume":"1","author":"C Gerth-Kahlert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Genet Genomic Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.7.860","article-title":"The management of orbital cysts associated with congenital microphthalmos and\n\t\t\t\t\tanophthalmos","volume":"87","author":"C J McLean","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s00347-009-2096-9","article-title":"[Transpalpebral measurement of axial eye length. 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