{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:02:44Z","timestamp":1770336164986,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Objective\u2003International guidelines recommend that preterm infants should be supported to maintain their serum electrolytes within \u201cnormal\u201d ranges. In term babies, cord blood values differed in pathological pregnancies from healthy ones.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Study Design\u2003We examined cord blood sodium, chloride, potassium, glucose, and creatinine to derive maturity-related reference intervals. We examined associations with gestational age, delivery mode, singleton versus multiple, and prenatal maternal adverse conditions. We compared preterm cord values to term, and to adult reference ranges.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results\u2003There were 591 infants, 537 preterm and 54 term. Preterm cord glucose levels were steady (3.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1 mmol\/L), while sodium, chloride, and creatinine increased over GA by 0.17, 0.14 mmol\/L\/week, and 1.07 \u00b5mol\/L\/week, respectively (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.003). Average preterm cord potassium and chloride were higher than the term (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Compared with adult reference intervals, cord preterm reference intervals were higher for chloride (100\u2013111 vs. 98\u2013106 mmol\/L), lower for creatinine (29\u201384 vs. 62\u2013115 \u00b5mol\/L), and more variable for potassium (2.7\u20137.9 vs. 3.5\u20135.0 mmol\/L) and sodium (130\u2013141 vs. 136\u2013145 mmol\/L). Cesarean section was associated with higher potassium and lower glucose, multiple births with higher chloride and creatinine and lower glucose, and SGA with lower glucose.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusion\u2003Cord blood values varied across the GA range with increases in sodium, chloride, and creatinine, while glucose remained steady. Average preterm reference values were higher than term values for potassium and chloride. Preterm reference values differed from published adults' reference values. The changes across GA and by delivery mode, SGA, and being a multiple, which may have direct implications for neonatal care and fluid management.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Key Points\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1730-8536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T00:02:43Z","timestamp":1641340963000},"page":"722-729","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cord-Blood Derived Chemistry Reference Values in Preterm Infants for Sodium, Chloride, Potassium, Glucose, and Creatinine"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4809-0765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amelie","family":"Stritzke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada"},{"name":"Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rana","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Sarah","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Excellence Support Team, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Calgary, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew W.","family":"Lyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Saint Pauls Hospital Laboratory, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanis R.","family":"Fenton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada"},{"name":"Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada"},{"name":"Nutrition Services, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.06.948","article-title":"ESPGHAN\/ESPEN\/ESPR\/CSPEN guidelines on pediatric parenteral nutrition: fluid and electrolytes","volume":"37","author":"F Jochum","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e123","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001294","article-title":"Sodium intake requirements for preterm neonates: review and recommendations","volume":"63","author":"A R Bischoff","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000854","article-title":"Electrolyte and mineral homeostasis after optimizing early macronutrient intakes in VLBW infants on parenteral 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Sahasrabuddhe","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"}],"container-title":["American Journal of 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