{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T15:14:38Z","timestamp":1789053278337,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction There is limited research on effective treatment of Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG), the most extreme version of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP). This paper\n\t\t\t\t\texamines current patterns of use and self-reported effectiveness of cannabis\/cannabis-based products (CBP) to treat HG.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Materials\/Methods The study employed a 21-question survey to gather information on demographics, antiemetic prescription use, and experience with cannabis\/CBPs among individuals who\n\t\t\t\t\texperienced extreme nausea and vomiting or HG during their pregnancy. Age-adjusted unconditional logistic regression was used to compare odds of symptom relief and weight gain between\n\t\t\t\t\trespondents who used prescription antiemetics and those who used cannabis.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results Of the 550 survey respondents, 84% experienced weight loss during pregnancy; 96% reported using prescription antiemetics and 14% reported cannabis use for HG. Most\n\t\t\t\t\trespondents reported using cannabis\/CBPs (71%) because their prescribed antiemetics were self-reported to be ineffective. More than half of cannabis\/CBP users reported using products daily\n\t\t\t\t\tor multiple times per day (53%), primarily via smoke inhalation (59%), and mainly either delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) only or THC dominant preparations (57%). Eighty-two percent of\n\t\t\t\t\tcannabis\/CBP users reported symptom relief, compared to 60% of prescription antiemetic users. Among patients who reported weight loss during pregnancy, 56% of cannabis users reported gaining\n\t\t\t\t\tweight within two weeks of treatment, compared to 25% of prescription antiemetic users.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusions Respondents reported using cannabis primarily because prescribed medications were self-reported to be ineffective. Although the survey approach has inherent limitations\n\t\t\t\t\tso results should be interpreted with caution, in this sample, cannabis was self-reported to be more effective than prescription medications in alleviating HG symptoms and enabling pregnancy\n\t\t\t\t\tweight gain. Therefore, depending on the safety profiles, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials of cannabis compared to other antiemetics are warranted to determine whether\n\t\t\t\t\tcannabinoids may provide an effective alternative treatment for HG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1749-5391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T22:48:04Z","timestamp":1651877284000},"page":"517-527","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Patterns of Use and Self-reported Effectiveness of Cannabis for Hyperemesis Gravidarum"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Olivia K.","family":"First","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hyperemesis Education and Research Foundation, Clackamas, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimber W.","family":"MacGibbon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hyperemesis Education and Research Foundation, Clackamas, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine M.","family":"Cahill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziva D.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA Cannabis Research Initiative, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lillian","family":"Gelberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria K.","family":"Cortessis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick M.","family":"Mullin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlena S.","family":"Fejzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"e171","article-title":"Quantifying the 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