{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T03:46:53Z","timestamp":1793159213172,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"10","funder":[{"name":"German Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010345","name":"B. Braun Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["BBST-D-19\u201300106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BBST-D-19\u201300106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010345","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Dr.-Ing. Leonhard Lorenz Foundation","award":["968\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["968\/19"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["432290010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["432290010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["637164 \u2013 iBack"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["637164 \u2013 iBack"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rofo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent systemic skeletal disease that is characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural bone deterioration. It predisposes to fragility fractures that can occur at various sites of the skeleton, but vertebral fractures (VFs) have been shown to be particularly common. Prevention strategies and timely intervention depend on reliable diagnosis and prediction of the individual fracture risk, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has been the reference standard for decades. Yet, DXA has its inherent limitations, and other techniques have shown potential as viable add-on or even stand-alone options. Specifically, three-dimensional (3\u200aD) imaging modalities, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are playing an increasing role. For CT, recent advances in medical image analysis now allow automatic vertebral segmentation and value extraction from single vertebral bodies using a deep-learning-based architecture that can be implemented in clinical practice. Regarding MRI, a variety of methods have been developed over recent years, including magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and chemical shift encoding-based water-fat MRI (CSE-MRI) that enable the extraction of a vertebral body\u2019s proton density fat fraction (PDFF) as a promising surrogate biomarker of bone health. Yet, imaging data from CT or MRI may be more efficiently used when combined with advanced analysis techniques such as texture analysis (TA; to provide spatially resolved assessments of vertebral body composition) or finite element analysis (FEA; to provide estimates of bone strength) to further improve fracture prediction. However, distinct and experimentally validated diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis based on CT- and MRI-derived measures have not yet been achieved, limiting broad transfer to clinical practice for these novel approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Key Points:\u2002<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Citation Format<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1770-4626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T18:56:51Z","timestamp":1652295411000},"page":"1088-1099","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Imaging of the Osteoporotic Spine \u2013 Quantitative Approaches in Diagnostics and for the Prediction of the Individual Fracture Risk"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"194","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8120-2223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nico","family":"Sollmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7557-0003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan Stefan","family":"Kirschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Kronthaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christof","family":"Boehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Dieckmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Vogele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Kloth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph Gerhard","family":"Lisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Carballido-Gamio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Colorado \u2013 Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas Marc","family":"Link","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios Charalampos","family":"Karampinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subburaj","family":"Karupppasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Product Development (EPD) Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore"},{"name":"Sobey School of Business, Saint Mary\u2019s University, Halifax,\u00a0NS, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meinrad","family":"Beer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Krug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Baum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.6.785","article-title":"Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and therapy","volume":"285","author":"NIH Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention Diagnosis and 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