{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T10:19:42Z","timestamp":1778494782663,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Abuse of heroin vapour inhalation known as \u201cchasing the dragon\u201d\n                    is associated with toxic spongiform leukoencephalopathy. However, similar\n                    clinical and imaging findings may occur also after intravenous heroin abuse. We\n                    report on a 32-year-old male suffering from extensive toxic spongiform\n                    leukoencephalopathy after intravenous heroin abuse resulting in acute impairment\n                    of consciousness and a global state of confusion. MRI disclosed broad and nearly\n                    symmetrical diffusion restriction of the supratentorial white matter indicating\n                    cytotoxic oedema. In an emergency setting, differential diagnosis of acute\n                    impairment of consciousness and broad symmetrical white matter lesions in\n                    neuroimaging should also include toxic leukoencephalopathy due to intravenous\n                    heroin application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1778-3662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T23:07:06Z","timestamp":1652915226000},"page":"523-528","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Toxic Spongiform Leukoencephalopathy After Intravenous Heroin Abuse:\n                    Unusual But Important Differential Diagnosis of Acute Impairment of\n                    Consciousness"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1405-1875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilla","family":"Diefenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sankt Katharinen Krankenhaus, Neurologie, Goethe-Universit\u00e4t\n                    Frankfurt am Main, Fachbereich 16 Medizin, Frankfurt am Main,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Lorenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abteilung der Radiologie, Sankt Katharinen Krankenhaus, Frankfurt am\n                    Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Weidauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sankt Katharinen Krankenhaus, Neurologie, Goethe-Universit\u00e4t\n                    Frankfurt am Main, Fachbereich 16 Medizin, Frankfurt am Main,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62184-4","article-title":"Diagnosis of reversible causes of 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