{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T12:52:13Z","timestamp":1752670333669},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Zusammenfassung<\/jats:title><jats:p>Das Ziel dieses Reviews ist, die allgemein g\u00fcltigen Hygienema\u00dfnahmen im Pferdestall zusammenzufassen sowie aktuelle Empfehlungen bei Ausbruch relevanter Infektionskrankheiten zu liefern. Die allgemeine Sauberkeit, Handhygiene, stressarme Haltung sowie regelm\u00e4\u00dfige Entwurmungen und Impfungen geh\u00f6ren dabei zur Basishygiene im Pferdebestand. Wichtige Ma\u00dfnahme in der Infektionspr\u00e4vention stellen dabei die Quarant\u00e4ne aller r\u00fcckkehrenden oder neu eingestallten Equiden und das regelm\u00e4\u00dfige Waschen und Desinfizieren der H\u00e4nde zur Reduktion der \u00dcbertragung von Krankheitserreger dar.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Die Erstellung eines Hygieneplans, welcher die allgemeinen Biosicherheitsregeln sowie die Vorgehensweise f\u00fcr den Fall eines Ausbruchs einer ansteckenden Erkrankung, Zoonose bzw. Infektion mit multiresistenten Erregern (MRE) festlegt, wird empfohlen. Bereits bei begr\u00fcndetem Verdacht auf eine dieser Erkrankungen sollten weitere, \u00fcber die \u00fcbliche Basishygiene hinausgehende Ma\u00dfnahmen (inklusive Schutzkleidung, Fl\u00e4chen- und Ger\u00e4tereinigung und Desinfektion sowie Isolation potenziell erkrankter Tiere) eingeleitet werden. Die erforderlichen diagnostischen Proben sollen m\u00f6glichst zeitnah entnommen werden, um einen Krankheitsverdacht schnellstm\u00f6glich zu best\u00e4tigen. Die entsprechenden Schutzma\u00dfnahmen sind dem \u00dcbertragungsrisiko der Infektionserreger und der Art ihrer potenziellen \u00dcbertragung anzupassen.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Neben dem \u201eLock-Down\u201c des ganzen Stalls, der Klinik oder des Turnier-\/Veranstaltungsgel\u00e4ndes spielt die r\u00e4umliche Trennung der Tiere eine wichtige Rolle. Ein \u201eAmpelsystem\u201c wird empfohlen, bei dem kranke oder positiv getestete Pferde in die rote Gruppe eingeordnet werden (\u201eerkrankt\u201c). Tiere mit m\u00f6glichem Kontakt zum pathogenen Agens sollten der gelben Gruppe (\u201everd\u00e4chtig\u201c) zugeteilt und regelm\u00e4\u00dfig auf Anzeichen der Erkrankung und Fieber kontrolliert werden. In der gr\u00fcnen Kategorie (\u201eunverd\u00e4chtig\u201c) befinden sich klinisch unauff\u00e4llige Pferde ohne Kontakt zu erkrankten Tieren. Zwischen den r\u00e4umlich getrennten Bereichen sollte die Schutzkleidung gewechselt werden und eine entsprechende Desinfektion stattfinden.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Alle erweiterten Hygienema\u00dfnahmen sollten beibehalten werden bis alle Tiere negativ getestet wurden und keine Symptome der Erkrankung \u00fcber eine ausreichend lange Zeit zeigen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1809-2163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T22:34:47Z","timestamp":1651876487000},"page":"115-125","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Vorgehensweise und Hygienema\u00dfnahmen beim Ausbruch von Herpes, Influenza, Druse oder Infektionen mit multiresistenten Keimen"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Heidrun","family":"Gehlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Pferde, Fachbereich Veterin\u00e4rmedizin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dusty","family":"Rutenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Pferde, Fachbereich Veterin\u00e4rmedizin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboklin GmbH\u2005&\u2005Co. KG"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birgitta","family":"Reinhold-Fritzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tierarztpraxis f\u00fcr Pferde Eyendorf"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Drozdzewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Pferde, Fachbereich Veterin\u00e4rmedizin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"GPM Fachinformation: Hygienemanagement-Leitfaden","year":"2020","author":"Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Pferdemedizin (GPM)","key":"ref2"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"14","article-title":"Hygiene bei der Behandlung von Pferden \u2013 Was ist zu beachten?","volume":"2","author":"H Gehlen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hands on"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.233.5.767","article-title":"Characteristics of biosecurity and infection control programs at veterinary teaching hospitals","volume":"233","author":"K M Benedickt","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12060","article-title":"Evidence-Based Infection Control in Clinical Practice: If You Buy Clothes for the Emperor, Will He Wear Them?","volume":"27","author":"P S Morley","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/s0378-1135(01)00396-0","article-title":"Transmission of opportunistic pathogens in a veterinary teaching hospital","volume":"82","author":"P Boerlin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1079\/AHRR200465","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in veterinary medicine: where do we go?","volume":"5","author":"P Boerlin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anim Health Res Rev"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2004.08.002","article-title":"Surveillance for nosocomial infections in veterinary hospitals","volume":"20","author":"P S Morley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Clin N Am-Equine"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-6-130","article-title":"How long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces? A systematic review","volume":"6","author":"A Kramer","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0528-0","article-title":"Broadening the infection prevention and control network globally; 2017\u2005Geneva IPC-think tank (part 3)","volume":"7","author":"W Zingg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15043","article-title":"Streptococcus equi Infections in Horses: Guidelines for Treatment, Control, and Prevention of Strangles \u2013 Revised Consensus Statement","volume":"32","author":"A G Boyle","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-106504","article-title":"Druse im Bestand \u2013 Aktuelle Empfehlungen zu Diagnostik, Therapie und Management","volume":"20","author":"T Puschmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pferdespiegel"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2012.11.002","article-title":"Nasal Shedding of Equid Herpesvirus Type 1 and Type 4\u2005in Hospitalized, Febrile Horses","volume":"33","author":"J M Sonis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1024\/0036-7281\/a000040","article-title":"Bacterial infections in horses: A retrospective study at the University Equine Clinic of Bern","volume":"152","author":"Y Panchaud","year":"2010","journal-title":"Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1892\/0891\u20136640(2007)21[157:oondcb]2.0.co;2","article-title":"Outbreak of neurologic disease caused by equine herpesvirus-1 at a university equestrian center","volume":"21","author":"R W Henninger","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1127-4178","article-title":"Das Equine Coronavirus (ECoV) \u2013 ein aktueller \u00dcberblick","volume":"23","author":"T Niebuhr","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pferdespiegel"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.105098","article-title":"Detection of equine coronavirus in horses in the United Kingdom","volume":"184","author":"J Bryan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15386","article-title":"Disease features of equine coronavirus and enteric salmonellosis are similar in horses","volume":"33","author":"A J Manship","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12480","article-title":"Disease associated with equine coronavirus infection and high case fatality rate","volume":"29","author":"C L Fielding","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Druse","volume":"1","author":"H Gehlen","year":"2015","journal-title":"CVE-Pferd"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0546.x","article-title":"Outbreak of Salmonellosis Caused by Salmonella enterica Serovar Newport MDR-AmpC in a Large Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital","volume":"24","author":"B L Dallap Schaer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.234.1.108","article-title":"Epidemiologic analysis of nosocomial Salmonella infections in hospitalized horses","volume":"234","author":"A B Ekiri","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref25","first-page":"38","article-title":"Comparative plasmid profile analysis of Salmonella typhimurium var. Copenhagen strains from a Salmonella outbreak in hospitalized horses","volume":"105","author":"R L Bauerfeind","year":"1992","journal-title":"Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochensch"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1103.040481","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in horses and horse personnel 2000\u20132002","volume":"11","author":"J S Weese","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2005.11.054","article-title":"An outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infections resulting from horse to human transmission in a veterinary hospital","volume":"114","author":"J S Weese","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2016.01.013","article-title":"MRSA in equine hospitals and its significance for infections in humans","volume":"200","author":"C Cuny","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref29","first-page":"152","article-title":"Auftreten und Verbreitung von Methicillin-resistenten Staphylococcus aureus in Pferdekliniken","volume":"18","author":"C Cuny","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pferdespiegel"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e88083","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088083","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of Staphylococcus aureus CC398 reveals a sub-lineage epidemiologically associated with infections in horses","volume":"9","author":"M M Abdelbary","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2011.00710.x","article-title":"Carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by veterinarians in Australia","volume":"89","author":"D Jordan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.2807\/esm.11.01.00595-en","article-title":"Emergence of MRSA infections in horses in a veterinary hospital: strain characterisation and comparison with MRSA from humans","volume":"11","author":"C Cuny","year":"2006","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0191873","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191873","article-title":"Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii among horses entering a veterinary teaching hospital: the contemporary \u201cTrojan Horse\u201d","volume":"13","author":"B Walther","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2016.05.017","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogens challenging veterinary infection control","volume":"200","author":"B Walther","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.5.1459-1463.1999","article-title":"Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Outbreak in a Veterinary Teaching Hospital: Potential Human-to-Animal Transmission","volume":"37","author":"J C Seguin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clinic Microbiol"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.1152","article-title":"An outbreak of salmonellosis among horses at a veterinary teaching hospital","volume":"218","author":"H C Schott","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0484.x","article-title":"Detection and Control of a Nosocomial Outbreak Caused by Salmonella Newport at a Large Animal Hospital","volume":"24","author":"K K Steneroden","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.12451","article-title":"Lessions learned from a strangles outbreak on a large Standardbred farm","volume":"29","author":"U Christmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"385","volume-title":"Infekti\u00f6s bedingte Erkrankungen","author":"K Fey","year":"2017","edition":"4.\u2005Aufl."},{"issue":"05","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12523","article-title":"Equine disease events resulting from international horse movements: Systematic review and lessons learned","volume":"48","author":"M Dominguez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879100300206","article-title":"Experimental equine herpesvirus-1 infection in llamas (Lama glama)","volume":"3","author":"J A House","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2005.07.011","article-title":"Biosecurity and biocontainment in alpaca operations","volume":"61","author":"G M Barrington","year":"2006","journal-title":"Small Ruminant Res"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"829","volume-title":"Equid herpesvirus 1 and equid herpesvirus 4 infections","author":"G P Allen","year":"2004","edition":"1st ed."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2009.0304.x","article-title":"Equine Herpesvirus-1 Consensus Statement","volume":"23","author":"D P Lunn","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.21836\/PEM20190308","article-title":"M\u00f6glichkeiten und Grenzen der Pr\u00e4vention von Druse-Neuinfektionen in der Pferdehaltung","volume":"35","author":"D S St\u00f6ckle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pferdeheilkunde"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref51","first-page":"4","article-title":"Virale Erkrankungen der tiefen Atemwege beim Pferd","volume":"94","author":"A K Barton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prakt Tierarzt"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2376\/1439-0299-2020-1","article-title":"Hygienemanagement in Pferdebetrieben \u2013 Literatur\u00fcbersicht","volume":"133","author":"H Gehlen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Berl M\u00fcnch Tier\u00e4rztl Wochenschr"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-017\u20132634","article-title":"Liste der vom Robert Koch-Institut gepr\u00fcften und anerkannten Desinfektionsmittel und -verfahren","volume":"60","author":"Robert Koch-Institut (RKI)","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bundesgesundheitsbl"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"486","article-title":"Infection control and hygiene management in equine hospitals","volume":"127","author":"B Walther","year":"2014","journal-title":"Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr"},{"key":"ref60","first-page":"3","volume-title":"What is infection control and biosecurity?","author":"A Ruple","year":"2012"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref61","first-page":"E1","article-title":"Guidelines for reducing pathogens in veterinary hospitals: disinfectant selection, cleaning protocols, and hand hygiene","volume":"32","author":"J A Portner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Vet"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2011.01140.x","article-title":"Infection control in veterinary practice; the time is now","volume":"52","author":"J S Weese","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12190","article-title":"Syndromic surveillance for evaluating the occurrence of healthcare-associated infections in equine hospitals","volume":"46","author":"A A Ruple-Czerniak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(02)00184-6","article-title":"What is the evidence for a causal link between hygiene and infections?","volume":"2","author":"A E Aiello","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2004.07.001","article-title":"Environmental disinfection to control equine infectious diseases","volume":"20","author":"R M Dwyer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref67","first-page":"1225","article-title":"Comparison of bacteria isolated from specimens obtained by use of endoscopic guarded tracheal swabbing and percutaneous tracheal aspiration in horses","volume":"195","author":"C R Sweeney","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2004.07.008","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant Salmonella and nosocomial infections","volume":"20","author":"D A Dargatz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Clin N Am-Equine"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s00063-018-0487-x","article-title":"Multiresistente Erreger bei Tier und Mensch","volume":"115","author":"R K\u00f6ck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2011.09.009","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in companion animals: nosocomial infections as one reason for the rising prevalence of these potential zoonotic pathogens in clinical samples","volume":"301","author":"L H Wieler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.2376\/0005\u20139366\u2013127\u201342","article-title":"Suspected noso-comial infections with multi-drug resistant E. coli, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains, in an equine clinic","volume":"127","author":"B Walther","year":"2014","journal-title":"Berl M\u00fcnch Tier\u00e4rztl Wochenschr"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e85656","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085656","article-title":"Alarming proportions of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in wound samples from companion animals, Germany 2010\u20132012","volume":"9","author":"S Vincze","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-54-11","article-title":"The first nosocomial outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in horses in Sweden","volume":"54","author":"K Bergstrom","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"},{"issue":"03\/04","key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2013.01.004","article-title":"Longitudinal study of horses for carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus following wound infections","volume":"163","author":"K Bergstrom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref75","first-page":"485","article-title":"Die neue T\u00c4HAV ist in Kraft","volume":"66","author":"Bundestier\u00e4rztekammer (BTK)","year":"2018","journal-title":"Deutsches Tier\u00e4rzteblatt"},{"key":"ref76","first-page":"1","article-title":"Leitlinien f\u00fcr den sorgf\u00e4ltigen Umgang mit antibakteriell wirksamen Tierarzneimitteln","volume":"3","author":"Bundestier\u00e4rztekammer (BTK)","year":"2015","journal-title":"Beilage zum Deutschen Tier\u00e4rzteblatt"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.f7190","article-title":"Reducing antimicrobial resistance","volume":"173","author":"B Nolan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2009.04.019","article-title":"Role of hand hygiene in healthcare-associated infection prevention","volume":"73","author":"B Allegranzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hosp Infec"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2376\/1439-0299-2020-3","article-title":"Basis-Hygienema\u00dfnahmen f\u00fcr den Pferdetierarzt in Praxis und Klinik","volume":"133","author":"H Gehlen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Berl M\u00fcnch Tier\u00e4rztl Wochenschr"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2516","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02516","article-title":"Equine methicillin-resistant sequence type 398\u2005Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) harbor mobile genetic elements promoting host adaptation","volume":"9","author":"B Walther","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2020.102951","article-title":"Nasogastric intubation as health and safety risk in equine practice \u2013 a questionnaire","volume":"88","author":"K Drozdzewska","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres\/2009067","article-title":"Comparison of two modern vaccines and previous influenza infection against challenge with an equine influenza virus from the Australian 2007 outbreak","volume":"41","author":"N A Bryant","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"issue":"01\/02","key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2013.03.029","article-title":"Equine influenza \u2013 a global perspective","volume":"167","author":"A Cullinane","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.003","article-title":"Equine Influenza Virus","volume":"30","author":"G A Landolt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Clin N Am-Equine"},{"issue":"03\/04","key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.06.015","article-title":"Interspecies transmission of equine influenza virus (H3N8) to dogs by close contact with experimentally infected horses","volume":"139","author":"T Yamanaka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.2.759-763.2004","article-title":"Comparison of sensitivities of virus isolation, antigen detection, and nucleic acid amplification for detection of equine influenza virus","volume":"42","author":"M Quinlivan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2011.00724.x","article-title":"The first five days: field and laboratory investigations during the early stages of the equine influenza outbreak in Australia, 2007","volume":"89","author":"P D Kirkland","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.j3459","article-title":"Diagnosis of equine influenza","volume":"181","author":"A Rash","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1637\/0005-2086-47.s3.1015","article-title":"Survival of avian influenza virus H7N2 in SPF chickens and their environments","volume":"47","author":"H Lu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Avian Dis"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.14737\/journal.aavs\/2014\/2.2s.46.54","article-title":"Equine Herpesviruses: a brief review","volume":"2","author":"S Kapoor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Anim Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.123.20.518","article-title":"Latency of equine herpesvirus 4 (equine rhinopneumonitis virus)","volume":"123","author":"G F Browning","year":"1988","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-1-9","article-title":"Equine herpesvirus 2 (EHV-2) infection in thoroughbred horses in Argentina","volume":"1","author":"M I Craig","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1996.tb01614.x","article-title":"Equine herpesvirus type 2: prevalence and seroepidemiology in foals","volume":"28","author":"M J Murray","year":"1996","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1702(98)00028-8","article-title":"Virological and molecular biological investigations into equine herpes virus type 2 (EHV-2) experimental infections","volume":"55","author":"K Borchers","year":"1998","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1556\/AVet.2013.024","article-title":"Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF): Five case reports","volume":"61","author":"B Schwarz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Vet Hung"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.04.021","article-title":"Herpesviruses in respiratory liquids of horses: putative implication in airway inflammation and association with cytological features","volume":"139","author":"G Fortier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.44-6-849","article-title":"Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis: a newly recognized herpesvirus-associated fibrotic lung disease","volume":"44","author":"K J Williams","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12050","article-title":"Disease remission in a horse with EHV-5-associated lymphoma","volume":"27","author":"K Vander Werf","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2013.12.017","article-title":"Identification of Equine Herpesvirus 5\u2005in Horses with Lymphoma","volume":"34","author":"K A Vander Werf","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.2011.00257.x","article-title":"Concurrent T-cell leukemia and equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis in a Hanoverian Warmblood mare","volume":"24","author":"B Schwarz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Equine Vet Educ"},{"key":"ref104","first-page":"1108","volume-title":"Infektionskrankheiten","author":"L Haas","year":"2017","edition":"4.\u2005Aufl."},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870701900110","article-title":"Development of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid diagnosis of neuropathogenic strains of equine herpesvirus-1","volume":"19","author":"G P Allen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439\u20130450.1997.tb01004.x","article-title":"The use of Baypanum N in crowding associated infectious respiratory disease: Efficacy of Baypanum N (freeze dried product) in 4\u201310 months old horses","volume":"B44","author":"K L Ziebell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Zentralbl Veterinam"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01011","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01011-19","article-title":"An Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (EHV-1) Ab4 Open Reading Frame 2\u2005Deletion Mutant Provides Immunity and Protection from EHV-1 Infection and Disease","volume":"93","author":"C L Schnabel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"03\/04","key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2003.08.004","article-title":"Pre-infection frequencies of equine herpesvirus-1 specific, cytotoxic T lymphocytes correlate with protection against abortion following experimental infection of pregnant mare","volume":"95","author":"J H Kydd","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.2746\/042516401776249318","article-title":"The mucosal humoral immune response of the horse to infective challenge and vaccination with equine herpesvirus-1 antigens","volume":"33","author":"C C Breathnach","year":"2001","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.162.16.520","article-title":"Diagnostic sensitivity of nasopharyngeal and nasal swabs for the molecular detection of EHV-1","volume":"162","author":"N Pusterla","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref115","first-page":"177","volume-title":"Equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy","author":"L Goehring","year":"2008","edition":"6th ed."},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1892\/0891-6640(2006)20[589:poaasi]2.0.co;2","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of acyclovir after single intravenous and oral administration to adult horses","volume":"20","author":"B G Bentz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.15653\/TPG-150451","article-title":"Pr\u00e4vention der equinen Herpesvirus-Myeloenzephalopathie \u2013 Ist Heparin vielversprechende Option?","volume":"44","author":"J Walter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tier\u00e4rztl Prax"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9605","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66433-8","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide therapy in acute bronchiolitis: a multicenter randomized clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"A Goldbart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/88.3.394","article-title":"Effect of different pulses of nitric oxide on venous admixture in the anaesthetized horse","volume":"88","author":"E Heinonen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"volume-title":"Evaluation of efficacy and safety of pulsed inhaled nitric oxide in the anaesthetized horse. [Disseratation]","year":"2012","author":"T Grubb","key":"ref120"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1994.204.05.768","article-title":"Epidemiologic and immunologic characteristics of Streptococcus equi infection in foals","volume":"204","author":"H J Hamlen","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/S0368-1742(10)80038-4","article-title":"Strangles","volume":"23","author":"A G Todd","year":"1910","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol Ther"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2664","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00571-06","article-title":"Canine strangles case reveals a new host susceptible to infection with Streptococcus equi","volume":"44","author":"J Ladlow","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"03\/04","key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-2427(97)00074-3","article-title":"Serum and mucosal antibody isotype responses to M-like protein (SeM) of Streptococcus equi in convalescent and vaccinated horses","volume":"59","author":"A S Sheoran","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.01.033","article-title":"Combining two serological assays optimises sensitivity and specificity for the identification of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi exposure","volume":"197","author":"C Robinson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.2746\/042516400777584721","article-title":"Control of strangles outbreaks by isolation of guttural pouch carriers identified using PCR and culture of Streptococcus equi","volume":"32","author":"J R Newton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.147.17.480","article-title":"Endoscopic and bacteriological findings in a chronic outbreak of strangles","volume":"147","author":"C Fintl","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.2746\/042516400777584703","article-title":"Elimination of guttural pouch infection and inflammation in asymptomatic carriers of Streptococcus equi","volume":"32","author":"K Verheyen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12063","article-title":"Comparison of sampling sites and laboratory diagnostic tests for S. equi subsp. equi in horses from confirmed strangles outbreaks","volume":"27","author":"S Lindahl","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13808","article-title":"Streptococcus equi detection PCR assay for equine nasopharyngeal and guttural pouch wash samples","volume":"30","author":"A G Boyle","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2016.02.198","article-title":"Use of vaccination in the eradication of strangles: the importance of differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA)","volume":"39","author":"R Newton","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.05.046","article-title":"Intramuscular vaccination with Strangvac is safe and includes protection against equine strangles caused by Streptococcus equi","volume":"38","author":"C Robinson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref135","first-page":"968","article-title":"Survival of Streptococcus equi on surfaces in an outdoor environment","volume":"50","author":"J S Weese","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2005.tb02671.x","article-title":"Streptococcus equi Infections in Horses: Guidelines for Treatment, Control, and Prevention of Strangles","volume":"19","author":"C R Sweeney","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Tier\u00e4rztliche Praxis Ausgabe G: Gro\u00dftiere \/ Nutztiere"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-1809-2163.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T00:38:07Z","timestamp":1727138287000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-1809-2163"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"references-count":113,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1809-2163","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-1220","2567-5834"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1434-1220"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2567-5834"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}}}