{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T09:50:42Z","timestamp":1762249842225,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"07","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Z Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n            Purpose A few studies suggest that hormones play a role in the motility of the lower esophagus, but data is rare. In this prospective study we evaluated the correlation between hormones (TSH, fT3, fT4, calcitonin, gastrin, and VIP) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), esophageal motility disorders, and gastrointestinal symptoms.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Methods 100 consecutive patients with reflux symptoms and dysphagia were hospitalized for diagnostic evaluation. Self-reporting questionnaires were handed out and patients routinely underwent serum analysis (TSH, fT3, fT4, calcitonin, gastrin, and VIP), 24-hour-pH-impendance monitoring, and high-resolution manometry.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results Motility disorders were found in 38 out of 86 patients. There were no correlations between hormones, the DeMeester Score, and the lower esophageal sphincter pressure. A strong inverse relation between calcitonin and the Integrated Relaxation Pressure of the esophagogastric junction was found (r=\u20130.492; p&lt;0.001). No correlations were found between hormone levels and the responses given in the questionnaires. Positive correlations, however, were found between VIP and gastrointestinal symptoms, as well as correlations between fT3 and dysphagia. Within the group with minor motility disorders, TSH and fT4 correlated with outcomes of the SCL-questionnaire. fT4 correlated with the typical symptoms, as well as the gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea, constipation, flatulence). TSH correlated with the typical symptoms. Moreover, a correlation between VIP and gas-bloat-symptoms was found within group II<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusions No correlation between TSH, fT3, fT4, gastrin, VIP, calcitonin, and GERD in the sense of acid reflux was found, although calcitonin seems to have an effect on the lower esophageal sphincter.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1833-9494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T23:10:28Z","timestamp":1655161828000},"page":"810-817","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The role of hormones in symptoms and pathophysiology of reflux and esophageal motility disorders"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1149-7633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franz Xaver","family":"Singhartinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Surgery, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Wahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Salzkammergut-Klinikum Gmunden, Gmunden, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Weitzendorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Surgery, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2471-1475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonia","family":"Gantschnigg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Surgery, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver Owen","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Surgery, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Emmanuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Surgery, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-014-3431-z.","article-title":"EAES recommendations for the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease","volume":"28","author":"KH Fuchs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-304269.","article-title":"Update on the epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: A systematic review","volume":"63","author":"HB El-Serag","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00630.x.","article-title":"The Montreal definition and classification of gastroesophageal reflux disease: A global evidence-based consensus","volume":"101","author":"N Vakil","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci6030059.","article-title":"Comorbidities, Complications and Non-Pharmacologic Treatment in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis","author":"P Millan-Billi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Sci (Basel)"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13954.","article-title":"Cancer of the gastroesophageal junction: A diagnosis, classification, and management review","author":"M Chevallay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.08.011.","article-title":"Effects of age on the gastroesophageal junction, esophageal motility, and reflux disease","volume":"5","author":"J Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-014-0085-6.","article-title":"Esophagus motility in overt hypothyroidism","volume":"37","author":"M \u0130lhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529802","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/529802.","article-title":"Does hypothyroidism affect gastrointestinal motility?","volume":"2009","author":"O Yaylali","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-198208000-0003","article-title":"Reversal of lower esophageal sphincter hypotension and esophageal aperistalsis after treatment for hypothyroidism","volume":"4","author":"GL Eastwood","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108280.","article-title":"Is gastrin a major determinant of basal lower esophageal sphincter pressure? 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