{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T12:43:38Z","timestamp":1785242618091,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"07","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]],"date-time":"2022-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Endosc Int Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background and study aims\u2002Recent advances in cancer treatment have involved the clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for various type of cancers. The adverse events associated with ICIs are generally referred to as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Gastrointestinal irAEs are a major disorder, but gastritis is not frequently observed. The aims of this study were to elucidate the clinical, endoscopic, and histological characteristics of irAE gastritis.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Patients and methods\u2002Information on patients treated with ICIs were collected from a single institute over 3 years. IrAE gastritis was identified based on the clinical course and endoscopic and histopathological findings. Of the 359 patients treated with ICIs, four cases of irAE gastritis were identified in clinical records from the endoscopy unit. The endoscopic and histopathological findings were analyzed, and further immunohistochemical studies with immune subtype markers and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) antibody were conducted. <\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2002Among four patients with irAE gastritis, the remarkable endoscopic characteristics were network-pattern erosion, erythematous and edematous mucosa with thick purulent discharge, and fragile mucosa. Corresponding histological features were fibrinopurulent exudate, severe inflammatory cell infiltration, and epithalaxia, respectively. The PD-L1 expression rate was\u200a\u2265\u200a1\u200a% in the gastric tissue of all patients with gastritis. These patients were treated with prednisolone (PSL) and their symptoms improved within a few days to 2 weeks.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusions\u2002IrAE gastritis were characterized by specific endoscopic findings. The appropriate endoscopic diagnosis may lead to effective treatment with PSL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1839-4303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T01:00:08Z","timestamp":1651194008000},"page":"E982-E989","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Severe immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated gastritis: A case series and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yuya","family":"Sugiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology\/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Tanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology\/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taisuke","family":"Matsuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology\/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology\/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology\/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takehito","family":"Kunogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology\/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keitaro","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology\/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuyoshi","family":"Ando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology\/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuhiro","family":"Ueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology\/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin","family":"Kashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology\/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Moriichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology\/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mishie","family":"Tanino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Mizukami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology\/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikihiro","family":"Fujiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology\/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshikatsu","family":"Okumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology\/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-017-0300-z","article-title":"Managing toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: consensus recommendations from the Society for 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