{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T22:44:08Z","timestamp":1768689848757,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"08","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Res (Stuttg)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vancomycin is a commonly used antibiotic for multi-drug resistant gram-positive\n                    infections treatment, especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus\n                    (MRSA). Despite that, it has wide individual pharmacokinetic variability and\n                    nephrotoxic effect. Vancomycin trough concentrations for 57 Jordanian patients\n                    were measured in plasma and saliva through immunoassay and liquid\n                    chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS), respectively. Plasma levels\n                    were within accepted normal range, with exception of 6 patients who showed\n                    trough levels of more than 20\u2009\u03bcg\/ml and vancomycin was\n                    discontinued. Bayesian dose-optimizing software was used for patient-specific\n                    pharmacokinetics prediction and AUC\/MIC calculation. Physiological-based\n                    pharmacokinetic (PBPK) vancomycin model was built and validated through\n                    GastroPlus\u2122 9.8 using in-house plasma data. A weak correlation\n                    coefficient of 0.2478 (P=0.1049) was found between plasma and saliva\n                    concentrations. The suggested normal saliva trough range of vancomycin is\n                    0.01906 to 0.028589 (\u03bcg\/ml). Analysis of variance showed\n                    significant statistical effects of creatinine clearance and albumin\n                    concentration on dose-normalized Cmin plasma and saliva levels respectively,\n                    which is in agreement with PBPKmodeling. It can be concluded that saliva is not\n                    a suitable matrix for TDM of vancomycin. Trough levels in plasma matrix should\n                    always be monitored for the safety of patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1852-5391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T23:17:12Z","timestamp":1656371832000},"page":"441-448","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Vancomycin in Jordanian Patients.\n                    Development of Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Model and Validation\n                    of Class II Drugs of Salivary Excretion Classi\ufb01cation System\n                    (SECS)"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Majd","family":"Arabyat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Abdul-Sattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al \u2013 Essra hospital, Amman, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feras","family":"Al-Fararjah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital, Amman, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Al-Ghazawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Triumpharma LLC, Amman, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayman","family":"Rabayah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Triumpharma LLC, Amman, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rakan","family":"Al-Hasassnah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Triumpharma LLC, Amman, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walid","family":"Mohmmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al-Hussain University, Maan, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Al-Adham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salim","family":"Hamadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nasir","family":"Idkaidek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/491709","article-title":"Vancomycin: A history","author":"D P Levine","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases, 42(Supplement_1)"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.3819","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of vancomycin resistance","volume":"29","author":"P J Stogios","year":"2020","journal-title":"Protein Science"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy8020070","article-title":"Glycopeptide hypersensitivity and adverse reactions","volume":"8","author":"V Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacy"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.726","article-title":"The nephrotoxicity of vancomycin","volume":"102","author":"E J Filippone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10040398","article-title":"Bacterial targets of antibiotics in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus\n                    aureus","volume":"10","author":"H Lade","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780199797783.003.0017","article-title":"Vancomycin adult dosing and monitoring","author":"J W Wilson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oxford Medicine Online"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"pp. 315","article-title":"Vancomycin","author":"A B Larry","year":"2014","journal-title":"In Applied Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 3rd edition"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/s0025-7125(16)30041-4","article-title":"Vancomycin","volume":"79","author":"B A Cunha","year":"1995","journal-title":"Medical Clinics of North America"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxaa128","article-title":"Towards precision medicine: Therapeutic drug monitoring\u2013guided dosing of\n                    vancomycin and \u03b2-lactam antibiotics to maximize effectiveness and\n                    minimize toxicity","volume":"77","author":"J A Cusumano","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1233-3582","article-title":"Saliva versus plasma therapeutic drug monitoring of gentamicin in Jordanian\n                    preterm infants. development of a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK)\n                    model and validation of class II drugs of salivary excretion classification\n                    system","volume":"70","author":"N Idkaidek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Research"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2358","DOI":"10.1021\/mp300250r","article-title":"Saliva versus plasma pharmacokinetics: Theory and application of a salivary\n                    excretion classification system","volume":"9","author":"N Idkaidek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecular Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.115.065920","article-title":"Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and simulation approaches:\n                    A systematic review of published models, applications, and model\n                    verification","volume":"43","author":"J E Sager","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Metabolism and Disposition"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/psp.2013.41","article-title":"Basic concepts in physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling in drug\n                    discovery and development","volume":"2","author":"H M Jones","year":"2013","journal-title":"CPT: Pharmacometrics& Systems Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1080\/1062936x.2018.1518928","article-title":"Performance evaluation of the GASTROPLUSTM software tool for prediction of the\n                    toxicokinetic parameters of chemicals","volume":"29","author":"F Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.3390\/life11111130","article-title":"PBPK modeling and simulation of antibiotics amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin,\n                    and vancomycin used in hospital practice","volume":"11","author":"A Ferreira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10071-23289","article-title":"Single-dose and Steady-statePharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Critically Ill\n                    Patients Admitted to MedicalIntensive Care Unit of India","volume":"23","author":"N B Mali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official\n                    publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1002\/psp4.12279","article-title":"Using a vancomycin PBPK model in special populations to elucidate case-based\n                    clinical PK observations.","volume":"7","author":"C Emoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"CPT: Pharmacometrics& Systems Pharmacology"}],"container-title":["Drug Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-1852-5391.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T23:40:07Z","timestamp":1664494807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-1852-5391"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"08","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1852-5391","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2194-9379","2194-9387"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2194-9379","type":"print"},{"value":"2194-9387","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]]}}}