{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T17:21:55Z","timestamp":1788110515263,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacopsychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) \u2013 onset before age 18 \u2013 is linked\n                    with great disease burden and disability. Decision-making for EOS\n                    pharmacological treatment may be challenging due to conflicting information from\n                    evidence and guidelines and unidentified care needs may remain unmet.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We searched for systematic reviews, meta-analyses and umbrella reviews of EOS\n                    pharmacological treatment published in PubMed over the past 10 years and\n                    selected five clinical guidelines from Europe, North-America and Australia.\n                    Based on predefined outcomes, we critically compared the evidence supporting\n                    EOS-approved drugs in Europe and\/or North-America with guidelines\n                    recommendations. We also evaluated the coverage of these outcomes to identify\n                    unmet needs.<\/jats:p><jats:p>One systematic review, nine meta-analyses and two umbrella reviews (k=203\n                    trials, N=81,289 participants, including duplicated samples across\n                    selected articles) were retrieved. Evidence supported the efficacy of\n                    aripiprazole, clozapine, haloperidol, lurasidone, molindone, olanzapine,\n                    quetiapine, risperidone and paliperidone in EOS, all of which obtained approval\n                    for EOS either in Europe and\/or in North-America. Cognition, functioning\n                    and quality of life, suicidal behaviour and mortality and services utilisation\n                    and cost-effectiveness were poorly covered\/uncovered.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Among the antipsychotics approved for EOS, aripiprazole, lurasidone, molindone,\n                    risperidone, paliperidone and quetiapine emerged as efficacious and comparably\n                    safe options. Olanzapine is known for a high risk of weight gain and haloperidol\n                    for extrapyramidal side-effects. Treatment-resistant patients should be offered\n                    clozapine. Future long-term trials looking at cognition, functioning, quality of\n                    life, suicidal behaviour, mortality, services utilisation and cost-effectiveness\n                    are warranted. Closer multi-agency collaboration may bridge the gap between\n                    evidence, guidelines and approved drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1854-0185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T23:08:40Z","timestamp":1656716920000},"page":"233-245","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Pharmacological Treatment of Early-Onset Schizophrenia: A Critical\n                    Review, Evidence-Based Clinical Guidance and Unmet Needs"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Stefan","family":"Leucht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine,\n                    Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Stra\u00dfe 22, Munich,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celso","family":"Arango","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry\n                    and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio\n                    Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad\n                    Complutense, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud\n                    Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier-David","family":"Lopez-Morinigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry\n                    and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio\n                    Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad\n                    Complutense, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud\n                    Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.2165\/11585350-000000000-00000","article-title":"Management of schizophrenia in children and adolescents: Focus on\n                    pharmacotherapy","volume":"71","author":"G Masi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02293.x","article-title":"Adolescent inpatient psychiatric admission rates and subsequent one-year\n                    mortality in England: 1998-2004","volume":"51","author":"A James","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-019-02711-3","article-title":"Prescription prevalence of psychotropic drugs in children and adolescents: An\n                    analysis of international data","volume":"75","author":"D Piovani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14005","DOI":"10.1038\/npjschz.2014.5","article-title":"Predictors of outcome in early-onset psychosis: A systematic review","volume":"1","author":"C M D\u00edaz-Caneja","year":"2015","journal-title":"NPJ Schizophr"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","article-title":"GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. 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