{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:09:27Z","timestamp":1790215767916,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":209,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sports Med Int Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The kinetic sequencing involved in the overhead throw anticipates an\n                    orchestration of body movement in which the more proximal segments of the body\n                    initiate movement prior to the more distal segment. This investigation explored\n                    neuromuscular and kinematic characteristics associated with one aspect of this\n                    kinetic sequencing, pelvic-to-thoracic rotation. Neuromuscular activation was\n                    recorded using surface electromyography and kinematic data was acquired using 3D\n                    videography. Specific objectives included 1) to describe the maximum angulation\n                    between the pelvic and thoracic body segments (Xmax angle), 2) to\n                    test the hypothesis that glove-side external oblique peak neuromuscular\n                    activation (GEOPA) occurs before Xmax angle, 3) to test the\n                    hypothesis that throwing-side external oblique peak neuromuscular activation\n                    (TEOPA) occurs following Xmax angle. Results show the mean Xmax\n                        angle to be 45.96 degrees (\u00b110.83). The time of mean GEOPA\n                    (2.3653\u2009sec\u00b10.9094) occurred following the time of mean\n                        Xmax angle (2.2793\u2009sec,\u00b10.9026, p&lt;0.01),\n                    thus refuting the first hypothesis. The time of mean TEOPA\n                    (2.3658\u2009sec,\u00b10.8978) occurred following the time of mean\n                        Xmax angle (2.2793\u2009sec,\u00b10.9026, p&lt;0.01),\n                    thus confirming the second hypothesis. Results suggest that youth baseball\n                    participants may not adequately utilize the core of the body to fully benefit\n                    from the optimal kinetic sequencing postulated within the literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1854-1007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T12:21:40Z","timestamp":1659356500000},"page":"E47-E52","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Neuromechanical Integration of Pelvic-Thoracic Rotation among Youth\n                    Baseball Throwers"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Eric","family":"Winters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Education, Denison University, Granville, United\n                    States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Doty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics, Denison University, Granville, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Lott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics, Denison University, Granville, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine and Nutrition , University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,\n                    United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738112454828","article-title":"Prevention of elbow injuries in youth baseball pitchers","volume":"4","author":"G S Fleisig","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300040201","article-title":"Effect of pitch type, pitch count, and pitching mechanics on risk of elbow and\n                    shoulder pain in youth baseball pitchers","volume":"30","author":"S Lyman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510384224","article-title":"Risk of serious injury for young baseball pitchers: A 10-year prospective\n                    study","volume":"39","author":"G S Fleisig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199621060-00004","article-title":"Biomechanics of overhand throwing with implications for injuries","volume":"21","author":"G S Fleisig","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2015.1076163","article-title":"Hip and upper extremity kinematics in youth baseball pitchers","volume":"34","author":"T Holt","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Segmental power analysis of sequential body motion and elbow valgus loading\n                    during baseball pitching: comparison between professional and high school\n                    baseball players","author":"A Aguinaldo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2021.699251","article-title":"Comparison of kinematic sequences during curveball and fastball baseball\n                    pitches","volume":"3","author":"D M Scarborough","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Sports Act Living"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1080\/14763141.2018.1503321","article-title":"Kinematic sequence patterns in the overhead baseball pitch","volume":"19","author":"D M Scarborough","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sports Biomech"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514536871","article-title":"Improper trunk rotation sequence is associated with increased maximal shoulder\n                    external rotation angle and shoulder joint force in high school baseball\n                    pitchers","volume":"42","author":"S Oyama","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.06.014","article-title":"Kinetic chain of overarm throwing in terms of joint rotations revealed by\n                    induced acceleration analysis","volume":"41","author":"M Hirashima","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738116686545","article-title":"The relationship between pitching mechanics and injury: a review of current\n                    concepts","volume":"9","author":"P N Chalmers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1080\/14763141.2013.838693","article-title":"Trunk axial rotation in baseball pitching and batting","volume":"12","author":"G S Fleisig","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sports Biomech"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.23.1.42","article-title":"Effects of upper trunk rotation on shoulder joint torque among baseball pitchers\n                    of various levels","volume":"23","author":"A L Aguinaldo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Appl Biomech"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.14.1.1","article-title":"Kinematic comparisons of throwing different types of baseball pitches","volume":"14","author":"R F Escamilla","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Appl Biomech"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1080\/026404102753576071","article-title":"Sequential muscle activity and its functional role in the upper extremity and\n                    trunk during overarm throwing","volume":"20","author":"M Hirashima","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517732034","article-title":"Changes in youth baseball pitching biomechanics: a 7-year longitudinal\n                    study","volume":"46","author":"G S Fleisig","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1015-3123","article-title":"Ethical standards in sport and exercise science research: 2020 update","volume":"40","author":"D J Harriss","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"}],"container-title":["Sports Medicine International Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-1854-1007.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T23:05:54Z","timestamp":1660604754000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-1854-1007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1854-1007","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2367-1890"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2367-1890","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}}}