{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:25:51Z","timestamp":1790267151427,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":474,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Z Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"DOI":"10.1055\/a-1880-1928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T22:47:47Z","timestamp":1665614867000},"page":"1528-1572","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Aktualisierte S2k-Leitlinie chronische Obstipation der Deutschen Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft\u00a0f\u00fcr\u00a0Neurogastroenterologie & Motilit\u00e4t (DGNM) \u2013 April 2022 \u2013 AWMF-Registriernummer: 021\u2013019"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"V.","family":"Andresen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik, Israelitisches Krankenhaus, Hamburg,\u00a0Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Pehl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik, Krankenhaus Vilsbiburg, Vilsbiburg,\u00a0Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Palliativmedizin, Freiburg, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Frieling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik II, Helios-Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld,\u00a0Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Goebel-Stengel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helios Klinik Rottweil, Du\u00dflingen, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Gundling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik II (Gastroenterologie, Gastroenterologische Onkologie, Hepatologie, Diabetologie, Stoffwechsel, Infektiologie), Klinikum\u00a0am\u00a0Bruderwald, Bamberg, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Herold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sozialstiftung Bamberg, End- und Dickdarm-Zentrum Mannheim, Mannheim, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Karaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abt. Innere Medizin, Evang. Krankenhaus G\u00f6ttingen-Weende, G\u00f6ttingen, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik, Israelitisches Krankenhaus, Hamburg,\u00a0Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik und Poliklinik f\u00fcr Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Gef\u00e4\u00df- und Kinderchirurgie (Chirurgische Klinik I) des Universit\u00e4tsklinikums, Zentrum Operative Medizin (ZOM), W\u00fcrzburg, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Klose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4t Duisburg-Essen, Medizinische Fakult\u00e4t, Essen,\u00a0Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Krammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sozialstiftung Bamberg, End- und Dickdarm-Zentrum Mannheim, Mannheim, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. E.","family":"Kreis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Gef\u00e4\u00dfchirurgie, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Kuhlbusch-Zicklam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik II, Helios-Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld,\u00a0Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Langhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knappschafts-Krankenhaus, Essen, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Layer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik, Israelitisches Krankenhaus, Hamburg,\u00a0Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Lenzen-Gro\u00dfimlinghaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Zentrum f\u00fcr Altersmedizin, Potsdam, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Madisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Gastroenterologie, interventionelle Endoskopie und Diabetologie, Klinikum Siloah-Oststadt-Heidehaus, Hannover, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"M\u00f6nnikes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Innere Medizin, Martin-Luther-Krankenhaus, Berlin, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"M\u00fcller-Lissner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Berlin, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Innere Medizin Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie, DRK Kliniken Berlin Mitte, Berlin, Deutschland"},{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Innere Medizin mit Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie, Vivantes Klinikum Spandau, Spandau,\u00a0Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Schemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Humanbiologie, TU M\u00fcnchen, Freising,\u00a0Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Schwille-Kiuntke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innere Medizin VI Psychosomat. Medizin u. Psychotherapie, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen,\u00a0Deutschland"},{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin und Versorgungsforschung, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Stengel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Psychosomatik, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Storr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zentrum f\u00fcr Endoskopie, Starnberg, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"van der Voort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Innere Medizin Gastroenterologie und Diabetologie, J\u00fcdisches Krankenhaus Berlin, Berlin,\u00a0Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Voderholzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Praxis, Berlin, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Wedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Kiel, Kiel, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Wirz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cura Krankenhaus Bad Honnef, Bad Honnef, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Witzigmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Krankenhaus Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Dresden, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"In Zusammenarbeit mit:","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie (DGAV)\/Chirurgische Arbeitsgemeinschaft f\u00fcr Coloproktologie (CACP)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Ern\u00e4hrungsmedizin (DGEM), Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Naturheilkunde (DGNHK)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Geriatrie (DGG)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Koloproktologie (DGK)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr\u00a0Innere Medizin (DGIM)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Palliativmedizin e.\u200aV. (DGP)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Deutsche Schmerzgesellschaft e.\u200aV., MAGDA Patientenforum (MAGDA)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"5.2. Reizdarmsyndrom und chronische Obstipation \u2013 Medizinische \u00dcbersicht in Weissbuch 2020\/21","author":"P Layer","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-123854","article-title":"Das Leitlinienprogramm der DGVS 2017","volume":"55","author":"P Lynen Jansen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1335808","article-title":"S2k-Leitlinie Chronische Obstipation: Definition, Pathophysiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie","volume":"51","author":"V Andresen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.35.10.1455","article-title":"Evidence for the ambiguity of the term constipation: the role of irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"35","author":"C S Probert","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-8-5","article-title":"Epidemiology of constipation in Europe and Oceania: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"G Peppas","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.11.082","article-title":"Stool consistency, but not frequency, correlates with total gastrointestinal transit time in children","volume":"162","author":"M Russo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.031","article-title":"Bowel Disorders","author":"F Mearin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-019-0994-0","article-title":"Defining constipation to estimate its prevalence in the community: results from a national survey","volume":"19","author":"B L Werth","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm18035","article-title":"Functional Chronic Constipation: Rome III Criteria Versus Rome IV Criteria","volume":"25","author":"M Russo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.12.021","article-title":"Prevalence of Rome IV Functional Bowel Disorders Among Adults in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom","volume":"158","author":"O S Palsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2010.12.010","article-title":"Epidemiology of constipation in children and adults: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"S M Mugie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.164","article-title":"Prevalence of, and risk factors for, chronic idiopathic constipation in the community: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"106","author":"N C Suares","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.15171\/mejdd.2018.94","article-title":"Prevalence of Chronic Constipation and Its Associated Factors in Pars Cohort Study: A Study of 9000 Adults in Southern Iran","volume":"10","author":"P Moezi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Middle East J Dig Dis"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-017-0757-1","article-title":"Chronic constipation in Rome IV era: The Indian perspective","volume":"36","author":"U C Ghoshal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2660","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.904040","article-title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Chronic Constipation Among Women Aged 50 Years and Older in Shanghai, China","volume":"23","author":"L Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2016-311908","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for functional constipation in adolescent Nigerians","volume":"102","author":"E E Udoh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm15187","article-title":"Prevalence and Self-recognition of Chronic Constipation: Results of an Internet Survey","volume":"22","author":"A Tamura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13368","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i47.13368","article-title":"Epidemiological study of elderly constipation in Beijing","volume":"21","author":"M Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"World journal of gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03806.x","article-title":"A multinational survey of prevalence and patterns of laxative use among adults with self-defined constipation","volume":"28","author":"A Wald","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640615603009","article-title":"Prevalence of constipation in the German population \u2013 a representative survey (GECCO)","volume":"4","author":"P Enck","year":"2015","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterology Journal"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.04114.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of constipation in North America: a systematic review","volume":"99","author":"P D Higgins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3130","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.05259.x","article-title":"An epidemiological survey of constipation in canada: definitions, rates, demographics, and predictors of health care seeking","volume":"96","author":"P Pare","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.02981.x","article-title":"Healthcare seeking for constipation: a population-based survey in the Mediterranean area of Spain","volume":"24","author":"C Galvez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6904-11-2","article-title":"Constipation and diarrhoea \u2013 common adverse drug reactions? A cross sectional study in the general population","volume":"11","author":"G S Fosnes","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.47.1.23","article-title":"Factors associated with constipation in a community based sample of people aged 70 years and over","volume":"47","author":"A J Campbell","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.49.1.66","article-title":"Low socioeconomic class is a risk factor for upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms: a population based study in 15 000 Australian adults","volume":"49","author":"P Bytzer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.80.2.185","article-title":"Demographic and dietary determinants of constipation in the US population","volume":"80","author":"R S Sandler","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3186016","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3186016","article-title":"Functional Constipation and Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome in the General Population: Data from the GECCO Study","volume":"2016","author":"P Enck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03376.x","article-title":"The burden of constipation on quality of life: results of a multinational survey","volume":"26","author":"A Wald","year":"2007","journal-title":"Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04273.x","article-title":"Systematic review: impact of constipation on quality of life in adults and children","volume":"31","author":"J Belsey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2010.12.004","article-title":"Quality of life in children and adults with constipation","volume":"25","author":"A Wald","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520510012208","article-title":"Development and validation of the Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life questionnaire","volume":"40","author":"P Marquis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12505","article-title":"Association between health-related quality of life and symptoms in patients with chronic constipation: an integrated analysis of three phase 3 trials of prucalopride","volume":"27","author":"J Tack","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2688","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-011-1639-5","article-title":"Impact of chronic constipation on health-related quality of life, work productivity, and healthcare resource use: an analysis of the National Health and Wellness Survey","volume":"56","author":"S X Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000167","article-title":"Constipation-related direct medical costs in 16 887 patients newly diagnosed with chronic constipation","volume":"26","author":"V K Dik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640614528175","article-title":"Constipation severity is associated with productivity losses and healthcare utilization in patients with chronic constipation","volume":"2","author":"L Neri","year":"2014","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-019-0985-1","article-title":"Economic burden of moderate to severe irritable bowel syndrome with constipation in six European countries","volume":"19","author":"J Tack","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1646-1279","article-title":"Update S3-Leitlinie Intestinale Motilit\u00e4tsst\u00f6rungen: Definition, Pathophysiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie. Gemeinsame Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Neurogastroenterologie und Motilit\u00e4t (DGNM)","volume":"60","author":"J Keller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1591-4794","article-title":"Update S3-Leitlinie Reizdarmsyndrom: Definition, Pathophysiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie. Gemeinsame Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Neurogastroenterologie und Motilit\u00e4t (DGNM) \u2013 Juni 2021 \u2013 AWMF-Registriernummer: 021\/016","volume":"59","author":"P Layer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.40885.x","article-title":"Myths and misconceptions about chronic constipation","volume":"100","author":"S A Muller-Lissner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9298-7","article-title":"Etiologic factors of chronic constipation: review of the scientific evidence","volume":"52","author":"F W Leung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M361","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/55.7.M361","article-title":"Do elderly persons need to be encouraged to drink more fluids?","volume":"55","author":"R D Lindeman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026609610466","article-title":"Effects of regular exercise in management of chronic idiopathic constipation","volume":"43","author":"H Meshkinpour","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02237354","article-title":"Development of constipation in nursing home residents","volume":"43","author":"K M Robson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1994.tb06527.x","article-title":"Constipation in the elderly: influence of dietary, psychological, and physiological factors","volume":"42","author":"A L Towers","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07591.x","article-title":"Association between physical activity, fiber intake, and other lifestyle variables and constipation in a study of women","volume":"98","author":"L Dukas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04333.x","article-title":"Constipation of anorectal outlet obstruction: pathophysiology, evaluation and management","volume":"21","author":"N Andromanakos","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31820fb914","article-title":"World Gastroenterology Organisation global guideline: Constipation \u2013 a global perspective","volume":"45","author":"G Lindberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.1999.01865.x","article-title":"Anorectal physiology and transit in patients with disorders of thyroid metabolism","volume":"14","author":"K I Deen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0527-y","article-title":"Gastrointestinal neuromuscular pathology: guidelines for histological techniques and reporting on behalf of the Gastro 2009 International Working Group","volume":"118","author":"C H Knowles","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2010.12.001","article-title":"Gastrointestinal neuromuscular pathology in chronic constipation","volume":"25","author":"C H Knowles","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2010.01657.x","article-title":"Quantitation of cellular components of the enteric nervous system in the normal human gastrointestinal tract--report on behalf of the Gastro 2009 International Working Group","volume":"23","author":"C H Knowles","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"30","article-title":"Comparison between small bowel manometric patterns and full-thickness biopsy histopathology in severe intestinal dysmotility","author":"C Malagelada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5162","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i41.5162","article-title":"Paediatric and adult colonic manometry: a tool to help unravel the pathophysiology of constipation","volume":"16","author":"P G Dinning","year":"2010","journal-title":"World journal of gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2010.12.006","article-title":"Colonic dysmotility in constipation","volume":"25","author":"P G Dinning","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"374","article-title":"[S3 guideline of the German Society for Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (DGVS) and the German Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility (DGNM) to the definition, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of intestinal motility]","volume":"49","author":"J Keller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.36600","article-title":"Enteric nerves and interstitial cells of Cajal are altered in patients with slow-transit constipation and megacolon","volume":"123","author":"T Wedel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2016_116","article-title":"Insights into the Role of Opioid Receptors in the GI Tract: Experimental Evidence and Therapeutic Relevance","volume":"239","author":"J J Galligan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Handb Exp Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1998.00326.x","article-title":"Obstructive defecation: a failure of rectoanal coordination","volume":"93","author":"S S Rao","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8553(05)70169-2","article-title":"Dyssynergic defecation","volume":"30","author":"S S Rao","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.70","article-title":"Anorectal disorders","volume":"105","author":"A E Bharucha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"424","article-title":"The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of constipation","volume":"106","author":"S Muller-Lissner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2011.01709.x","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of chronic constipation \u2013 a European perspective","volume":"23","author":"J Tack","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2005.04.016","article-title":"ASGE guideline: guideline on the use of endoscopy in the management of constipation","volume":"62","author":"W Qureshi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"S 02","key":"ref65","first-page":"S28","article-title":"Diagnosis of constipation in primary and secondary care","volume":"4","author":"A Wald","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev Gastroenterol Disord"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020995","article-title":"Chronic constipation","volume":"349","author":"A Lembo","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.20390","article-title":"American Gastroenterological Association Medical Position Statement: guidelines on constipation","volume":"119","author":"G R Locke 3rd","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.20392","article-title":"AGA technical review on constipation. American Gastroenterological Association","volume":"119","author":"G R Locke 3rd","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref69","first-page":"S5","article-title":"Systematic review on the management of chronic constipation in North America","volume":"100","author":"L J Brandt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.03238.x","article-title":"Chronic constipation: a survey of the patient perspective","volume":"25","author":"J F Johanson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.00783.x","article-title":"Symptoms and physiology in severe chronic constipation","volume":"94","author":"H Mertz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8654314","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8654314","article-title":"Digital Rectal Examination and Balloon Expulsion Test in the Study of Defecatory Disorders: Are They Suitable as Screening or Excluding Tests?","volume":"2016","author":"A C Caetano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.153","article-title":"The diagnostic value of a digital rectal examination compared with high-resolution anorectal manometry in patients with chronic constipation and fecal incontinence","volume":"110","author":"J S Soh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12096","article-title":"Diagnostic testing for dyssynergic defecation in chronic constipation: meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"E J Videlock","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1038\/s41395-018-0230-5","article-title":"Examining Balloon Expulsion Testing as an Office-Based, Screening Test for Dyssynergic Defecation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"113","author":"E D Shah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13679","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13679","article-title":"The international anorectal physiology working group (IAPWG) recommendations: Standardized testing protocol and the London classification for disorders of anorectal function","volume":"32","author":"E V Carrington","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterology and motility: the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society"},{"key":"ref77","first-page":"237","article-title":"[Irritable bowel syndrome: German consensus guidelines on definition, pathophysiology and management]","volume":"49","author":"P Layer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref78","first-page":"171","article-title":"Chronic Constipation and Constipation-Predominant IBS: Separate and Distinct Disorders or a Spectrum of Disease?","volume":"12","author":"K T Siah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y)"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-016-1580-x","article-title":"Is-it possible to distinguish irritable bowel syndrome with constipation from functional constipation?","volume":"21","author":"M Bouchoucha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1109936","article-title":"S3 guidelines for colorectal carcinoma: results of an evidence-based consensus conference on February 6\/7, 2004 and June 8\/9, 2007 (for the topics IV, VI and VII)","volume":"48","author":"W Schmiegel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.41845.x","article-title":"Clinical utility of diagnostic tests for constipation in adults: a systematic review","volume":"100","author":"S S Rao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.140","article-title":"Rectosigmoid Localization of Radiopaque Markers Does Not Correlate with Prolonged Balloon Expulsion in Chronic Constipation: Results from a Multicenter Cohort","volume":"110","author":"K Staller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.30.12.1737","article-title":"Defecography in normal volunteers: results and implications","volume":"30","author":"P J Shorvon","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15039","article-title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis: defecography should be a first-line diagnostic modality in patients with refractory constipation","volume":"48","author":"U Grossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2008.01230.x","article-title":"American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society consensus statement on intraluminal measurement of gastrointestinal and colonic motility in clinical practice","volume":"20","author":"M Camilleri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2018.7","article-title":"Expert consensus document: Advances in the diagnosis and classification of gastric and intestinal motility disorders","volume":"15","author":"J Keller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref87","first-page":"397","article-title":"[Anorectal manometry]","volume":"45","author":"C Pehl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2018.27","article-title":"Expert consensus document: Advances in the evaluation of anorectal function","volume":"15","author":"E V Carrington","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-308835","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy study of anorectal manometry for diagnosis of dyssynergic defecation","volume":"65","author":"U Grossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref90","first-page":"292","article-title":"Does physical exercise influence bowel transit time in healthy young men?","volume":"87","author":"C Coenen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31826a909f","article-title":"Balloon expulsion test as a screen for outlet obstruction in children with chronic constipation","volume":"56","author":"J Belkind-Gerson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3182a698df","article-title":"Bear-down maneuver is a useful adjunct in the evaluation of children with chronic constipation","volume":"57","author":"J Belkind-Gerson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.03.013","article-title":"Validation of the balloon evacuation test: reproducibility and agreement with findings from anorectal manometry and electromyography","volume":"12","author":"G Chiarioni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e640","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12170","article-title":"Low-resolution colonic manometry leads to a gross misinterpretation of the frequency and polarity of propagating sequences: Initial results from fiber-optic high-resolution manometry studies","volume":"25","author":"P G Dinning","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14287","article-title":"Use of high-resolution colonic manometry to establish etiology and direct treatment in patients with constipation: Case series with correlation to histology","volume":"33","author":"Y Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12016","article-title":"High-resolution colonic manometry accurately predicts colonic neuromuscular pathological phenotype in pediatric slow transit constipation","volume":"25","author":"V Giorgio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref97","first-page":"157","article-title":"Reassessment of the role of methane production between irritable bowel syndrome and functional constipation","volume":"21","author":"M Furnari","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Gastrointestin Liver Dis"},{"key":"ref98","first-page":"606","article-title":"Low fluid intake lowers stool output in healthy male volunteers","volume":"28","author":"A G Klauser","year":"1990","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2010.01990.x","article-title":"Low defaecation frequency in Taiwanese adolescents: association with dietary intake, physical activity and sedentary behaviour","volume":"47","author":"L Y Chien","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"ref100","first-page":"727","article-title":"Water supplementation enhances the effect of high-fiber diet on stool frequency and laxative consumption in adult patients with functional constipation","volume":"45","author":"M Anti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"issue":"S 02","key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S88","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601907","article-title":"Mild dehydration: a risk factor of constipation?","volume":"57","author":"M J Arnaud","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2009.03017.x","article-title":"Effect of fluid intake on the outcome of constipation in children: PEG 4000 versus lactulose","volume":"52","author":"S H Bae","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199901000-00006","article-title":"Effect of increased fluid intake on stool output in normal healthy volunteers","volume":"28","author":"B D Chung","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.40516.x","article-title":"Is constipation associated with decreased physical activity in normally active subjects?","volume":"100","author":"A K Tuteja","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2000.10608901","article-title":"Leisure time physical activity in Australian women: relationship with well being and symptoms","volume":"71","author":"W J Brown","year":"2000","journal-title":"Res Q Exerc Sport"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1021212","article-title":"Brief physical inactivity prolongs colonic transit time in elderly active men","volume":"14","author":"F Liu","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1159\/000212689","article-title":"A study of constipation in the elderly living at home","volume":"31","author":"I P Donald","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3182a313fc","article-title":"Preschool physical activity and functional constipation: the Generation R study","volume":"57","author":"L M Driessen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"ref109","first-page":"10","article-title":"Severe Constipation in Parkinson\u02bcs Disease and in Parkinsonisms: Prevalence and Affecting Factors","author":"G Frazzitta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neurology"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(89)90381-8","article-title":"Effect of exercise and physical fitness on large intestinal function","volume":"97","author":"S A Bingham","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199306000-00006","article-title":"Effects of exercise on total and segmental colon transit","volume":"16","author":"G Robertson","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520510011641","article-title":"Effects of regular physical activity on defecation pattern in middle-aged patients complaining of chronic constipation","volume":"40","author":"A M De Schryver","year":"2005","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1038600","article-title":"The effects of exercise upon symptoms and quality of life in patients diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"A J Daley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2019.1568544","article-title":"Exercise therapy in patients with constipation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"54","author":"R Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S140250","article-title":"Effects of a proposed physical activity and diet control to manage constipation in middle-aged obese women","volume":"10","author":"S A Tantawy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity: targets and therapy"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01536418","article-title":"Behavioral modification of colonic function. Can constipation be learned?","volume":"35","author":"A G Klauser","year":"1990","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03540.x","article-title":"Cumulative incidence of chronic constipation: a population-based study 1988-2003","volume":"26","author":"R S Choung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref118","first-page":"532734","article-title":"Epidemiology characteristics of constipation for general population, pediatric population, and elderly population in china","volume":"2014","author":"H Chu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.10.028","article-title":"American Gastroenterological Association technical review on constipation","volume":"144","author":"A E Bharucha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1994.tb06585.x","article-title":"Constipation: assessment and management in an institutionalized elderly population","volume":"42","author":"D Harari","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.349","article-title":"Chronic constipation in the elderly","volume":"107","author":"J F Gallegos-Orozco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-015-0041-0","article-title":"Risk factors associated with lower defecation frequency in hospitalized older adults: a case control study","volume":"15","author":"J T Gau","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"ref123","first-page":"53","article-title":"Constipation and behavior in the elderly","volume":"9","author":"R M Yang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geriatr Health Care"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2018.06.018","article-title":"One Week of Hospitalization Following Elective Hip Surgery Induces Substantial Muscle Atrophy in Older Patients","volume":"20","author":"I WK Kouw","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4259","DOI":"10.1113\/JP270699","article-title":"Age-related differences in lean mass, protein synthesis and skeletal muscle markers of proteolysis after bed rest and exercise rehabilitation","volume":"593","author":"R E Tanner","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"ref126","first-page":"152","article-title":"Constipation in older adults: stepwise approach to keep things moving","volume":"61","author":"B G Schuster","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.3109\/09637486.2010.527323","article-title":"Effects of chicory inulin in constipated elderly people: a double-blind controlled trial","volume":"62","author":"P Marteau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s40101-017-0131-0","article-title":"Effect of waxy barley, Kirarimochi, consumption on bowel movements of late-stage elderly residents at Roken nursing home","volume":"36","author":"K Taniguchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Physiol Anthropol"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.05.024","article-title":"ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics","volume":"38","author":"D Volkert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2016-0097","article-title":"Physical Activity in Older Adults in Relation to Place of Residence and Coexistent Chronic Diseases","volume":"14","author":"J Kostka","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Phys Act Health"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-6-9","article-title":"Effects of resistance and functional-skills training on habitual activity and constipation among older adults living in long-term care facilities: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"A PMJ Chin","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-016-0762-6","article-title":"Tolerance and Long-Term Efficacy of Polyethylene Glycol 4000 (Forlax) Compared to Lactulose in Elderly Patients with Chronic Constipation","volume":"21","author":"P Chassagne","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"ref133","first-page":"195","article-title":"Management of chronic constipation in the elderly","volume":"43","author":"I Kurniawan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Med Indones"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.03.026","article-title":"Oral bisacodyl is effective and well-tolerated in patients with chronic constipation","volume":"9","author":"M A Kamm","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/631740","article-title":"Systematic review of stimulant and nonstimulant laxatives for the treatment of functional constipation","volume":"28","author":"P Par\u00e9","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1159\/000139853","article-title":"Adverse effects of laxatives: fact and fiction","volume":"47","author":"S A Muller-Lissner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1159\/000139865","article-title":"A comparison of Agiolax and lactulose in elderly patients with chronic constipation","volume":"47","author":"A P Passmore","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.4292\/wjgpt.v7.i2.334","article-title":"Review of efficacy and safety of laxatives use in geriatrics","volume":"7","author":"M Izzy","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm20210","article-title":"Medical Management of Constipation in Elderly Patients: Systematic Review","volume":"27","author":"S J Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1185\/03007997409111877","article-title":"A comparison of sodium picosulphate (\u201cLaxoberal\u201d) with standardised senna (\u201cSenokot\u201d) in geriatric patients","volume":"2","author":"W J MacLennan","year":"1974","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2010.01533.x","article-title":"A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of prucalopride in elderly patients with chronic constipation","volume":"22","author":"S Muller-Lissner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-016-4147-9","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Prucalopride in Chronic Constipation: An Integrated Analysis of Six Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trials","volume":"61","author":"M Camilleri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2009.01398.x","article-title":"Safety assessment of prucalopride in elderly patients with constipation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"21","author":"M Camilleri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10123.x","article-title":"Incidence of urinary incontinence and constipation during pregnancy and postpartum: survey of current findings at the Rotunda Lying-In Hospital","volume":"105","author":"K Marshall","year":"1998","journal-title":"British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9538-x","article-title":"Changes in Bowel Function: Pregnancy and the Puerperium","volume":"52","author":"E Derbyshire","year":"2007","journal-title":"Digestive diseases and sciences"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000295723.94624.b1","article-title":"Constipation in pregnancy: prevalence, symptoms, and risk factors","volume":"110","author":"C S Bradley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.14324","article-title":"Anorectal symptoms during pregnancy and postpartum: a prospective cohort study","volume":"20","author":"K Ferdinande","year":"2018","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"ref148","first-page":"305","article-title":"Constipation in pregnancy: causes and remedies","volume":"20","author":"S Zahoor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Progress in Nutrition"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.4196\/kjpp.2013.17.5.423","article-title":"Estrogen rather than progesterone cause constipation in both female and male mice","volume":"17","author":"J E Oh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Korean J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011448.pub2","article-title":"Interventions for treating constipation in pregnancy","author":"P Rungsiprakarn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"ref151","first-page":"2008","article-title":"Constipation, haemorrhoids, and heartburn in pregnancy","author":"J C Vazquez","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ Clin Evid"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3785","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-20-1674","article-title":"A comparison of the safety and efficacy of polyethylene glycol 4000 and lactulose for the treatment of constipation in pregnant women: a randomized controlled clinical study","volume":"9","author":"H Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Palliat Med"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmwh.2004.03.007","article-title":"Polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution (Isocolan) for constipation during pregnancy: an observational open-label study","volume":"49","author":"I Neri","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Midwifery Womens Health"},{"key":"ref154","first-page":"2288","article-title":"[Efficacy and safety of lactulose on the treatment of puerperal constipation]","volume":"95","author":"S Meng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref155","first-page":"523","article-title":"Lactulose oral solution for the treatment of postpartum constipation","volume":"30","author":"P Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Biol Regul Homeost Agents"},{"key":"ref156","first-page":"836","article-title":"Treating constipation during pregnancy","volume":"58","author":"M Trottier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"ref157","first-page":"259","article-title":"Laxatives in the treatment of constipation in pregnant and breast-feeding mothers","volume":"210","author":"J O Greenhalf","year":"1973","journal-title":"Practitioner"},{"key":"ref158","first-page":"5","article-title":"Effect of Progesterone Therapy versus Diet Modification on Constipation during Pregnancy","author":"M Farghali","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.41","article-title":"Multicenter, 4-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of sodium picosulfate in patients with chronic constipation","volume":"105","author":"S Mueller-Lissner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref160","first-page":"e14306","article-title":"Role of Prucalopride in Treating Functional Constipation and Gastroparesis: A Systemic Review","volume":"13","author":"H Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13487","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13487","article-title":"High-dose linaclotide is effective and safe in patients with chronic constipation: A phase III randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with a long-term open-label extension study in Japan","volume":"31","author":"S Fukudo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.63","article-title":"Fiber and functional gastrointestinal disorders","volume":"108","author":"S Eswaran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.5223\/pghn.2014.17.4.203","article-title":"Diets for constipation","volume":"17","author":"S H Bae","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition"},{"key":"ref166","first-page":"904","article-title":"Constipation in adults","volume":"83","author":"S Mueller-Lissner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13662","article-title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis: effect of fibre supplementation on chronic idiopathic constipation in adults","volume":"44","author":"S Christodoulides","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7378","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i48.7378","article-title":"Effect of dietary fiber on constipation: a\u00a0meta analysis","volume":"18","author":"J Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04602.x","article-title":"Systematic review: the effects of fibre in the management of chronic idiopathic constipation","volume":"33","author":"N C Suares","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4994","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i36.4994","article-title":"Consensus statement AIGO\/SICCR diagnosis and treatment of chronic constipation and obstructed defecation (part II: treatment)","volume":"18","author":"A Bove","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref171","first-page":"2010","article-title":"Constipation in adults","author":"S A Mueller-Lissner","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ Clin Evid"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2014.870013","article-title":"The efficacy of glucomannan supplementation in overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"33","author":"I Onakpoya","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"ref173","first-page":"3412","article-title":"Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to hydroxyanthracene derivatives and improvement of bowel function pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924\/2006","volume":"11","author":"EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products N, Allergies","year":"2013","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.296.6622.615","article-title":"Effect of wheat bran on weight of stool and gastrointestinal transit time: a meta analysis","volume":"296","author":"S A M\u00fcller-Lissner","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"ref175","first-page":"3813","article-title":"[Clinical benefits after soluble dietary fiber supplementation: a randomized clinical trial in adults with slow-transit constipation]","volume":"94","author":"L Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1159\/000139868","article-title":"How effective is nonlaxative treatment of constipation?","volume":"47","author":"A G Klauser","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.1995.tb00433.x","article-title":"Effects of psyllium therapy on stool characteristics, colon transit and anorectal function in chronic idiopathic constipation","volume":"9","author":"W Ashraf","year":"1995","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602317","article-title":"A combination of fibre-rich rye bread and yoghurt containing Lactobacillus GG improves bowel function in women with self-reported constipation","volume":"60","author":"S M Hongisto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91055-3","article-title":"Bran and irritable bowel syndrome: time for reappraisal","volume":"344","author":"C Y Francis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016419906546","article-title":"High-fiber diet supplementation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): a multicenter, randomized, open trial comparison between wheat bran diet and partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG)","volume":"47","author":"G C Parisi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000335326","article-title":"Evidence-Based Guideline of the German Nutrition Society: Carbohydrate Intake and Prevention of Nutrition-Related Diseases","volume":"60","author":"H Hauner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm15185","article-title":"Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Functional Constipation in Korea, 2015 Revised Edition","volume":"22","author":"J E Shin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1701034","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201701034","article-title":"Polyphenol-rich Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Ameliorate Functional Constipation Symptoms in Humans beyond Equivalent Amount of Fiber","volume":"62","author":"V P Venancio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12913","article-title":"Systematic review: the effect of prunes on gastrointestinal function","volume":"40","author":"E Lever","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04594.x","article-title":"Randomised clinical trial: dried plums (prunes) vs. psyllium for constipation","volume":"33","author":"A Attaluri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-6047.2002.00287.x","article-title":"Kiwifruit promotes laxation in the elderly","volume":"11","author":"E C Rush","year":"2002","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4771","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i35.4771","article-title":"Increasing dietary fiber intake in terms of kiwifruit improves constipation in Chinese patients","volume":"13","author":"A O Chan","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/31.7.1149","article-title":"Effect of fiber from fruits and vegetables on metabolic responses of human subjects I. Bowel transit time, number of defecations, fecal weight, urinary excretions of energy and nitrogen and apparent digestibilities of energy, nitrogen, and fat","volume":"31","author":"J L Kelsay","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00082.2014","article-title":"Structural changes in the gut microbiome of constipated patients","volume":"46","author":"L Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol Genomics"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.46.2.218","article-title":"Mucin secretion is modulated by luminal factors in the isolated vascularly perfused rat colon","volume":"46","author":"A Barcelo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(89)91614-4","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids stimulate active sodium and chloride absorption in vitro in the rat distal colon","volume":"96","author":"H J Binder","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref192","first-page":"G813","article-title":"Effect of short-chain fatty acids on contractile activity and fluid flow in rat colon in vitro","volume":"262","author":"P E Squires","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.089151","article-title":"The effect of probiotics on functional constipation in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"100","author":"E Dimidi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.202","article-title":"Efficacy of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in irritable bowel syndrome and chronic idiopathic constipation: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"109","author":"A C Ford","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref195","first-page":"587","article-title":"[Treatment of chronic constipation with physiologic Escherichia coli bacteria. Results of a clinical study of the effectiveness and tolerance of microbiological therapy with the E. coli Nissle 1917 strain (Mutaflor)]","volume":"89","author":"M M\u00f6llenbrink","year":"1994","journal-title":"Med Klin (Munich)"},{"key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2754","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-018-5139-8","article-title":"Probiotics Ameliorate Stool Consistency in Patients with Chronic Constipation: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study","volume":"63","author":"J Y Yoon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1590\/s0004-2803.201700000-27","article-title":"Influence of drinking a probiotic fermented milk beverage containing bifidobacterium animalis on the symptoms of constipation","volume":"54","author":"T R Moreira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arq Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2017.1412908","article-title":"Effects of 28-day Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 supplementation on colonic transit time and gastrointestinal symptoms in adults with functional constipation: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, and dose-ranging trial","volume":"9","author":"A Ibarra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2011.584895","article-title":"Dose-response effect of Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 on whole gut transit time and functional gastrointestinal symptoms in adults","volume":"46","author":"P A Waller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15073","article-title":"Randomised clinical trial: Bifidobacterium lactis NCC2818 probiotic vs placebo, and impact on gut transit time, symptoms, and gut microbiology in chronic constipation","volume":"49","author":"E Dimidi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.15403\/jgld.2014.1121.234.elr","article-title":"The effect of Lactobacillus reuteri supplementation in adults with chronic functional constipation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"23","author":"V Ojetti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gastrointestin Liver Dis"},{"key":"ref202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.04.066","article-title":"Lactobacillus reuteri (DSM 17938) in infants with functional chronic constipation: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"157","author":"P Coccorullo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2017.0049","article-title":"Randomised double blind placebo controlled trial on Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938: improvement in symptoms and bowel habit in functional constipation","volume":"9","author":"G Riezzo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Benef Microbes"},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm14048","article-title":"Change of Fecal Flora and Effectiveness of the Short-term VSL#3 Probiotic Treatment in Patients With Functional Constipation","volume":"21","author":"S E Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1155\/2003\/654907","article-title":"Probiotic beverage containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota improves gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with chronic constipation","volume":"17","author":"C Koebnick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12168","article-title":"Effects of a probiotic fermented milk on functional constipation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"28","author":"M M Mazlyn","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-019-09542-9","article-title":"Bacillus coagulans Unique IS2 in Constipation: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study","author":"R S Madempudi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4012","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i30.4012","article-title":"Clinical trial: Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (DSM 9843) improves symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"18","author":"P Ducrott\u00e9","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)34218-9","article-title":"Probiotic safety in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Saccharomyces spp","volume":"31","author":"J J Dugoua","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2016.09.014","article-title":"Effects of Prebiotics and Synbiotics on Functional Constipation","volume":"353","author":"T Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref211","first-page":"4366","article-title":"Short-chain fructooligosaccharides from sucrose and maintenance of normal defecation: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924\/2006","volume":"14","author":"EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products N, Allergies.","year":"2016","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"ref212","first-page":"10","article-title":"Effects of Synbiotics among Constipated Adults in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia-A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial","author":"Y J Lim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1080\/09637486.2016.1244661","article-title":"A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study: the effects of a synbiotic, Lepicol, in adults with chronic, functional constipation","volume":"68","author":"S Cudmore","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"ref214","first-page":"CD007570","article-title":"Lactulose versus Polyethylene Glycol for Chronic Constipation","author":"H Lee-Robichaud","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12278","article-title":"Randomised clinical trial: macrogol\/PEG 3350+electrolytes versus prucalopride in the treatment of chronic constipation -- a comparison in a controlled environment","volume":"37","author":"R Cinca","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref216","first-page":"153","article-title":"Absorption of polyethylene glycol after administration of a PEG-electrolyte lavage solution","volume":"5","author":"J T DiPiro","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Pharm"},{"key":"ref217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-016-0457-9","article-title":"Comparison of the effectiveness of polyethylene glycol with and without electrolytes in constipation: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"P Katelaris","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref218","first-page":"379","article-title":"Differences in taste between two polyethylene glycol preparations","volume":"16","author":"M M Szojda","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gastrointestin Liver Dis"},{"key":"ref219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1185\/030079907X178865","article-title":"Comparison of bisacodyl and sodium picosulphate in the treatment of chronic constipation","volume":"23","author":"S Kienzle-Horn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"ref220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.9.5.512","article-title":"Study of large bowel peristalsis","volume":"9","author":"J D Hardcastle","year":"1968","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1159\/000199508","article-title":"Effect of bisacodyl on intestinal electrolyte and water net transport and transit. Perfusion studies in men","volume":"37","author":"K Ewe","year":"1987","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"ref222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2007.01374.x","article-title":"Randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study to investigate the efficacy and safety of the acute use of sodium picosulphate in patients with chronic constipation","volume":"61","author":"R Wulkow","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref223","first-page":"388","article-title":"A pilot study on the efficacy of Picolax given as a four-week course for the treatment of refractory constipation","volume":"18","author":"A O Chan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"key":"ref224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.7748\/ns.19.45.41.s51","article-title":"Effects of oral sodium picosulphate Picolax on urea and electrolytes","volume":"19","author":"F Ryan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nurs Stand"},{"key":"ref225","first-page":"3","article-title":"Long-term care with the laxative bisacodyl: efficacy and tolerability in patients with spinal cord injuries","volume":"41","author":"M H Ruidisch","year":"1994","journal-title":"\u00c4rztliche Forschung"},{"key":"ref226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(99)00385-3","article-title":"Is bisacodyl absorbed at all from suppositories in man?","volume":"196","author":"E Flig","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"ref227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.2133\/dmpk.DMPK-11-RG-007","article-title":"Absence of excretion of the active moiety of bisacodyl and sodium picosulfate into human breast milk: an open-label, parallel-group, multiple-dose study in healthy lactating women","volume":"26","author":"C Friedrich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Metab Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"ref228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200404000-00014","article-title":"Retrospective study of long-term treatment with sodium picosulfate","volume":"16","author":"M Bengtsson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30246-8","article-title":"Efficacy of drugs in chronic idiopathic constipation: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"P Luthra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.11.12.1038","article-title":"The action of sennosides and related compounds on human colon and rectum","volume":"11","author":"J D Hardcastle","year":"1970","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1159\/000139838","article-title":"Sennoside-induced secretion and its relevance for the laxative effect","volume":"47","author":"E Leng-Peschlow","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01536053","article-title":"Effects of sennosides on colonic myoelectrical activity in man","volume":"34","author":"J Frexinos","year":"1989","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(97)00276-5","article-title":"Efficacy of senna versus lactulose in terminal cancer patients treated with opioids","volume":"15","author":"Y Agra","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1159\/000139866","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of a bulk laxative containing senna versus lactulose in the treatment of chronic constipation in geriatric patients","volume":"47","author":"O Kinnunen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref235","first-page":"321","article-title":"Constipation in elderly long-stay patients: its treatment by magnesium hydroxide and bulk-laxative","volume":"19","author":"O Kinnunen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Clin Res"},{"key":"ref236","first-page":"29","article-title":"Chronisch-habituelle Obstipation. Doppelblindpr\u00fcfung eines Laxans mit bekannter Wirksamkeit","author":"V Fintelmann","year":"1977","journal-title":"\u00c4rztl Praxis"},{"key":"ref237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.305","article-title":"Efficacy of a Chinese herbal proprietary medicine (Hemp Seed Pill) for functional constipation","volume":"106","author":"C W Cheng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.307.6907.769","article-title":"Chronic constipation in long stay elderly patients: a comparison of lactulose and a senna-fibre combination","volume":"307","author":"A P Passmore","year":"1993","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref239","first-page":"5836","article-title":"Dauerbehandlung mit Laxantien","volume":"30","author":"G Rosprich","year":"1980","journal-title":"Therapiewoche"},{"key":"ref240","first-page":"563","article-title":"Langzeitbehandlung mit einem pflanzlichen Laxativum. Serumelektrolyte und S\u00e4urenbasenhaushalt","volume":"28","author":"B M Heiny","year":"1976","journal-title":"\u00c4rztliche Praxis"},{"key":"ref241","first-page":"5","article-title":"Toxicity of laxatives: how to discriminate between myth and fact?","volume":"7","author":"J Fioramonti","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1159\/000138443","article-title":"Milk transfer of rhein in the rhesus monkey","volume":"36","author":"B D Cameron","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref243","first-page":"2282","article-title":"Zur Pharmakokinetik von Bisacodyl nach oraler und rektaler Applikation","volume":"20","author":"F R Weist","year":"1974","journal-title":"Therapiewoche"},{"key":"ref244","first-page":"958","article-title":"[Senna-containing laxatives: excretion in the breast milk?]","volume":"49","author":"P Faber","year":"1989","journal-title":"Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1159\/000138422","article-title":"In vitro effects of anthraquinones on rat intestine and uterus","volume":"36","author":"K P Odenthal","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1159\/000138441","article-title":"Evaluation of the effects of sennosides on uterine motility in the pregnant ewe","volume":"36","author":"R Garcia-Villar","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref247","first-page":"631","article-title":"Melanosis coll; experimental observations on its production and elimination in twenty-three cases","volume":"82","author":"G S Speare","year":"1951","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"ref248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2147\/CEG.S58952","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerance of lactitol supplementation for adult constipation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"L E Miller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i","DOI":"10.3310\/hta1130","article-title":"Systematic review of the effectiveness of laxatives in the elderly","volume":"1","author":"M Petticrew","year":"1997","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"ref250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.9.1.84","article-title":"Treatment of chronic constipation with lactulose syrup: results of a double-blind study","volume":"9","author":"A Wesselius-De Casparis","year":"1968","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-018-01545-7","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a crystalline lactulose preparation (SK-1202) in Japanese patients with chronic constipation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding study","volume":"54","author":"K Kasugai","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.4318\/tjg.2010.0121","article-title":"Can partially hydrolyzed guar gum be an alternative to lactulose in treatment of childhood constipation?","volume":"21","author":"G Ustundag","year":"2010","journal-title":"Turk J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e318162c43c","article-title":"A dietary fiber mixture versus lactulose in the treatment of childhood constipation: a double-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"47","author":"F T Kokke","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"ref254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-006-0262-5","article-title":"Prospective randomized crossover trial comparing fibre with lactulose in the treatment of idiopathic chronic constipation","volume":"10","author":"H M Quah","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"key":"ref255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1185\/03007999809113363","article-title":"A multi-centre, general practice comparison of ispaghula husk with lactulose and other laxatives in the treatment of simple constipation","volume":"14","author":"P W Dettmar","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"ref256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.1991.tb08818.x","article-title":"An open, randomised, parallel group study of lactulose versus ispaghula in the treatment of chronic constipation in adults","volume":"45","author":"M Rouse","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.10.022","article-title":"Ineffectiveness of Lactobacillus GG as an adjunct to lactulose for the treatment of constipation in children: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial","volume":"146","author":"A Banaszkiewicz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1185\/03007997709115268","article-title":"Constipation in childhood: a controlled comparison between lactulose and standardized senna","volume":"4","author":"J M Perkin","year":"1977","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"ref259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(90)90177-F","article-title":"Cost-effective treatment of constipation in the elderly: a randomized double-blind comparison of sorbitol and lactulose","volume":"89","author":"F A Lederle","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2005.03.020","article-title":"Management of constipation in residents with dementia: sorbitol effectiveness and cost","volume":"6","author":"L Volicer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S1525-8610(04)70129-2","article-title":"Management of constipation in residents with dementia: sorbitol effectiveness and cost","volume":"5","author":"L Volicer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"ref262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-199506060-00006","article-title":"Epidemiology of constipation in elderly patients. Drug utilisation and cost-containment strategies","volume":"6","author":"F A Lederle","year":"1995","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"ref263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1177\/030006058901700506","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of magnesium hydroxide and a bulk laxative on lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins A and E, and minerals in geriatric hospital patients in the treatment of constipation","volume":"17","author":"O Kinnunen","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"ref264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i6.779","article-title":"Serum magnesium concentration in children with functional constipation treated with magnesium oxide","volume":"17","author":"M Tatsuki","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.300.6723.541-a","article-title":"Severe magnesium toxicity after magnesium sulphate enema in a chronically constipated child","volume":"300","author":"M R Ashton","year":"1990","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02087570","article-title":"Hypermagnesemia-induced paralytic ileus","volume":"39","author":"J Golzarian","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e31812eef1c","article-title":"Severe hypermagnesemia as a result of excessive cathartic ingestion in a child without renal failure","volume":"23","author":"E Kutsal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"ref268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200x.2004.02001.x","article-title":"A comparative study: the efficacy of liquid paraffin and lactulose in management of chronic functional constipation","volume":"47","author":"N Urganci","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"ref269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03354.x","article-title":"Systematic review: the adverse effects of sodium phosphate enema","volume":"26","author":"J Mendoza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s003840000259","article-title":"Rectal tone in response to bisacodyl in women with obstructed defecation","volume":"15","author":"M J Gosselink","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.2165\/00044011-200525080-00002","article-title":"Role or carbon dioxide-releasing suppositories in the treatment of chronic functional constipation: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"25","author":"M Lazzaroni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"key":"ref272","first-page":"903","article-title":"[Anorectal stenosis after prolonged use of glycerin suppositories]","volume":"16","author":"P Hochain","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"key":"ref273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.3109\/00365520903583855","article-title":"Transanal irrigation for disordered defecation: a systematic review","volume":"45","author":"P Christensen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-015-0354-7","article-title":"Trans-anal irrigation therapy to treat adult chronic functional constipation: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"C D Emmett","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02049813","article-title":"Incidence and clinical significance of sigmoidoceles as determined by a new classification system","volume":"37","author":"J M Jorge","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"ref276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-28032012000200008","article-title":"Management of patients with rectocele, multiple pelvic floor dysfunctions and obstructed defecation syndrome","volume":"49","author":"S M Murad-Regadas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arquivos de Gastroenterologia"},{"key":"ref277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.11.014","article-title":"Biofeedback is superior to laxatives for normal transit constipation due to pelvic floor dyssynergia","volume":"130","author":"G Chiarioni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref278","first-page":"573","article-title":"[Laxative use and satisfaction of chronically constipated women \u2013 a survey of female patients and gastroenterologists in Germany]","volume":"50","author":"S Muller-Lissner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13733","article-title":"Effect of prucalopride on intestinal gas tolerance in patients with functional bowel disorders and constipation","volume":"32","author":"C Malagelada","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-017-1340-y","article-title":"Preliminary safety and efficacy profile of prucalopride in the treatment of systemic sclerosis (SSc)-related intestinal involvement: results from the open label cross-over PROGASS study","volume":"19","author":"B Vigone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12832","article-title":"Prucalopride induces high-amplitude propagating contractions in the colon of patients with chronic constipation: a randomized study","volume":"28","author":"P B Miner Jr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref282","first-page":"110","article-title":"A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Prucalopride in Men With Chronic Constipation","author":"Y Yiannakou","year":"2015","journal-title":"The American journal of gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12553","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of long-term treatment with prucalopride","volume":"27","author":"H Piessevaux","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-14-260","article-title":"Effect of electroacupuncture versus prucalopride for severe chronic constipation: protocol of a multi-centre, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"B Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC complementary and alternative medicine"},{"key":"ref285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.74","article-title":"Prucalopride improves bowel function and colonic transit time in patients with chronic constipation: an integrated analysis","volume":"109","author":"A Emmanuel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12217","article-title":"Effect of prucalopride on symptoms of chronic constipation","volume":"26","author":"J Tack","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s40268-013-0008-6","article-title":"Effect of prucalopride on the pharmacokinetics of oral contraceptives in healthy women","volume":"13","author":"V Van de Velde","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drugs R D"},{"key":"ref288","first-page":"60","article-title":"[Evaluation of the efficacy of prucalopride (resolor) in the treatment of patients with chronic constipation]","volume":"85","author":"M F Osipenko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ter Arkh"},{"key":"ref289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2012.01983.x","article-title":"Prucalopride in the treatment of chronic constipation in patients from the Asia-Pacific region: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"24","author":"M Ke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04455.x","article-title":"Clinical trial: the efficacy of open-label prucalopride treatment in patients with chronic constipation \u2013 follow-up of patients from the pivotal studies","volume":"32","author":"M Camilleri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e54","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2009.01408.x","article-title":"Psychometric performance and clinical meaningfulness of the Patient Assessment of Constipation-Quality of Life questionnaire in prucalopride (RESOLOR) trials for chronic constipation","volume":"22","author":"D Dubois","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03884.x","article-title":"Clinical trial: the efficacy, impact on quality of life, and safety and tolerability of prucalopride in severe chronic constipation--a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"29","author":"E M Quigley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.162404","article-title":"Prucalopride (Resolor) in the treatment of severe chronic constipation in patients dissatisfied with laxatives","volume":"58","author":"J Tack","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2344","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0800670","article-title":"A placebo-controlled trial of prucalopride for severe chronic constipation","volume":"358","author":"M Camilleri","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2002.01210.x","article-title":"Effects of prucalopride on colonic transit, anorectal function and bowel habits in patients with chronic constipation","volume":"16","author":"C E Sloots","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.21166","article-title":"Prucalopride accelerates gastrointestinal and colonic transit in patients with constipation without a rectal evacuation disorder","volume":"120","author":"E P Bouras","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.1999.00629.x","article-title":"Effect of prucalopride, a new enterokinetic agent, on gastrointestinal transit and anorectal function in healthy volunteers","volume":"13","author":"A C Poen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.5.682","article-title":"Selective stimulation of colonic transit by the benzofuran 5HT4 agonist, prucalopride, in healthy humans","volume":"44","author":"E P Bouras","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-013-1017-8","article-title":"The association between prucalopride efficacy and constipation type","volume":"17","author":"A M Jadav","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"key":"ref300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2912","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-010-1229-y","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of prucalopride in patients with chronic noncancer pain suffering from opioid-induced constipation","volume":"55","author":"C E Sloots","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1080\/003655202317316060","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of prucalopride in patients with constipation due to spinal cord injury","volume":"37","author":"K Krogh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04456.x","article-title":"Clinical trial: the efficacy and tolerability of velusetrag, a selective 5-HT4 agonist with high intrinsic activity, in chronic idiopathic constipation \u2013 a 4-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response study","volume":"32","author":"M Goldberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2009.01378.x","article-title":"Effects of Velusetrag (TD-5108) on gastrointestinal transit and bowel function in health and pharmacokinetics in health and constipation","volume":"22","author":"M L Manini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref304","first-page":"552","article-title":"[Serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms in irritable bowel syndrome and their impact on tegaserod treatment]","volume":"45","author":"Y-y Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Zhonghua nei ke za zhi"},{"key":"ref305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2006.00865.x","article-title":"Pharmacodynamic effects of a novel prokinetic 5-HT receptor agonist, ATI-7505, in humans","volume":"19","author":"M Camilleri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.5.667","article-title":"Effects of a serotonin 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist SB-207266 on gastrointestinal motor and sensory function in humans","volume":"47","author":"A E Bharucha","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2011.01732.x","article-title":"Effect of 5-HT4 receptor agonist mosapride citrate on rectosigmoid sensorimotor function in patients with irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"23","author":"M Kanazawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04265.x","article-title":"Clinical trial: renzapride treatment of women with irritable bowel syndrome and constipation \u2013 a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, study","volume":"31","author":"A J Lembo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03649.x","article-title":"Clinical trial: renzapride therapy for constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome--multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study in primary healthcare setting","volume":"27","author":"A M George","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.01808.x","article-title":"Tegaserod for female patients suffering from IBS with mixed bowel habits or constipation: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"103","author":"W D Chey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2007.04955.x","article-title":"Safety, tolerability and satisfaction with tegaserod therapy in Asia-Pacific patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation","volume":"22","author":"K M Fock","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00988.x","article-title":"Efficacy of tegaserod in chronic constipation in men","volume":"102","author":"M Fried","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2005.00715.x","article-title":"Effect of tegaserod on gut transit in male and female subjects","volume":"17","author":"L Degen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2001.01094.x","article-title":"Tegaserod, a 5-HT(4) receptor partial agonist, relieves symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome patients with abdominal pain, bloating and constipation","volume":"15","author":"S A M\u00fcller-Lissner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(00)70251-4","article-title":"Tegaserod accelerates orocecal transit in patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"118","author":"C M Prather","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2010.03.015","article-title":"Linaclotide is a potent and selective guanylate cyclase C agonist that elicits pharmacological effects locally in the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"86","author":"A P Bryant","year":"2010","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"ref317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2010.09.019","article-title":"Linaclotide, through activation of guanylate cyclase C, acts locally in the gastrointestinal tract to elicit enhanced intestinal secretion and transit","volume":"649","author":"R W Busby","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2009.01385.x","article-title":"Guanylate cyclase C-mediated antinociceptive effects of linaclotide in rodent models of visceral pain","volume":"22","author":"H Eutamene","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2008.59","article-title":"Pilot study on the effect of linaclotide in patients with chronic constipation","volume":"104","author":"J M Johnston","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.08.041","article-title":"Linaclotide improves abdominal pain and bowel habits in a phase IIb study of patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation","volume":"139","author":"J M Johnston","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.12.050","article-title":"Efficacy of linaclotide for patients with chronic constipation","volume":"138","author":"A J Lembo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1010863","article-title":"Two randomized trials of linaclotide for chronic constipation","volume":"365","author":"A J Lembo","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref323","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2019.1575203","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of linaclotide for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: pooled Phase 3 analysis","volume":"13","author":"J W Nee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref324","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0134349","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134349","article-title":"Linaclotide in Chronic Idiopathic Constipation Patients with Moderate to Severe Abdominal Bloating: A Randomized, Controlled Trial","volume":"10","author":"B E Lacy","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12985","article-title":"The impact of abdominal pain on global measures in patients with chronic idiopathic constipation, before and after treatment with linaclotide: a pooled analysis of two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials","volume":"40","author":"L Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.230","article-title":"Low-Dose Linaclotide (72\u200a\u03bcg) for Chronic Idiopathic Constipation: A 12-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial","volume":"113","author":"P Schoenfeld","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i17.1888","article-title":"Oral treatment with plecanatide or dolcanatide attenuates visceral hypersensitivity via activation of guanylate cyclase-C in rat models","volume":"24","author":"I M Boulete","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref328","first-page":"207","article-title":"Plecanatide (Trulance) for Chronic Idiopathic Constipation and Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation","volume":"43","author":"J A Kamuda","year":"2018","journal-title":"P t"},{"key":"ref329","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.495","article-title":"Efficacy and Tolerability of Guanylate Cyclase-C Agonists for Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation and Chronic Idiopathic Constipation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"113","author":"E D Shah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.611","article-title":"A Randomized Phase III Clinical Trial of Plecanatide, a Uroguanylin Analog, in Patients With Chronic Idiopathic Constipation","volume":"112","author":"P B Miner Jr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X17734697","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial: efficacy and safety of plecanatide in the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation","volume":"10","author":"M DeMicco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Therap Adv Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref332","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2018.1430024","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of plecanatide in patients with chronic idiopathic constipation: long-term evidence from an open-label study","volume":"34","author":"C F Barish","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"ref333","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-1068-x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of lubiprostone in patients with chronic constipation","volume":"55","author":"C F Barish","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref334","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03320.x","article-title":"Lubiprostone, a locally acting chloride channel activator, in adult patients with chronic constipation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study to evaluate efficacy and safety","volume":"25","author":"J F Johanson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01524.x","article-title":"Multicenter, 4-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of lubiprostone, a locally-acting type-2 chloride channel activator, in patients with chronic constipation","volume":"103","author":"J F Johanson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref336","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.08.026","article-title":"Lubiprostone increases spontaneous bowel movement frequency and quality of life in patients with chronic idiopathic constipation","volume":"13","author":"S Fukudo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref337","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2011.01668.x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of oral lubiprostone in constipated patients with or without irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled and dose-finding study","volume":"23","author":"S Fukudo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref338","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.199653","article-title":"Behavioural and new pharmacological treatments for constipation: getting the balance right","volume":"59","author":"M Camilleri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref339","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2009.01345.x","article-title":"Biofeedback therapy in fecal incontinence and constipation","volume":"21","author":"P Enck","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04653.x","article-title":"Predictors of outcome of anorectal biofeedback therapy in patients with constipation","volume":"33","author":"L S Shim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.02184.x","article-title":"Psychological disorders in patients with evacuation disorders and constipation in a tertiary practice","volume":"95","author":"V Nehra","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref342","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.6303","article-title":"Systematic review of randomized controlled trials of the effectiveness of biofeedback for pelvic floor dysfunction","volume":"95","author":"C E Koh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"ref343","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.10.027","article-title":"Factors Associated With Response to Biofeedback Therapy for Dyssynergic Defecation","volume":"16","author":"T Patcharatrakul","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref344","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.53","article-title":"Long-term efficacy of biofeedback therapy for dyssynergic defecation: randomized controlled trial","volume":"105","author":"S S Rao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-008-0567-0","article-title":"Comparative study between biofeedback retraining and botulinum neurotoxin in the treatment of anismus patients","volume":"24","author":"M Farid","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"ref346","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199402000-00008","article-title":"Prospective study of biofeedback treatment for patients with slow and normal transit constipation","volume":"6","author":"D Koutsomanis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref347","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.42.4.517","article-title":"Biofeedback provides long-term benefit for patients with intractable, slow and normal transit constipation","volume":"42","author":"E Chiotakakou-Faliakou","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref348","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.05.015","article-title":"Biofeedback benefits only patients with outlet dysfunction, not patients with isolated slow transit constipation","volume":"129","author":"G Chiarioni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref349","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3B","DOI":"10.1155\/2007\/848706","article-title":"Recommendations on chronic constipation (including constipation associated with irritable bowel syndrome) treatment","volume":"21","author":"P Pare","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018846113210","article-title":"Effects of biofeedback therapy on anorectal function in obstructive defecation","volume":"42","author":"S S Rao","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.12.023","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of biofeedback, sham feedback, and standard therapy for dyssynergic defecation","volume":"5","author":"S S Rao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/268062","article-title":"Comparing the efficacy of biofeedback and balloon-assisted training in the treatment of dyssynergic defecation","volume":"25","author":"A A Pourmomeny","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref353","first-page":"761","article-title":"Acupuncture for Chronic Severe Functional Constipation: A Randomized Trial","volume":"165","author":"Z Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref354","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0187723","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187723","article-title":"Factors related to acupuncture response in patients with chronic severe functional constipation: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"X Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref355","first-page":"7491281","article-title":"Electroacupuncture for Women with Chronic Severe Functional Constipation: Subgroup Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"2019","author":"J Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"ref356","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428943","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1428943","article-title":"Electroacupuncture for Functional Constipation: A Multicenter, Randomized, Control Trial","volume":"2017","author":"X Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"ref357","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13307","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13307","article-title":"Acupuncture for patients with chronic functional constipation: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"H Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref358","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e284","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000284","article-title":"Effect and safety of deep needling and shallow needling for functional constipation: a multicenter, randomized controlled trial","volume":"93","author":"J Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref359","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X13500493","article-title":"Efficacy of acupuncture for chronic constipation: a systematic review","volume":"41","author":"T Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Chin Med"},{"key":"ref360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/S0254-6272(16)30076-0","article-title":"Acupuncture for the treatment of functional constipation","volume":"36","author":"T Bai","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Tradit Chin Med"},{"key":"ref361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-014-3084-6","article-title":"Effect of perineal self-acupressure on constipation: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"R Abbott","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"ref362","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2013.0324","article-title":"Efficacy of auriculotherapy for constipation in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"20","author":"L H Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"key":"ref363","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2014.01.010","article-title":"Complementary effects of auricular acupressure in relieving constipation symptoms and promoting disease-specific health-related quality of life: A randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"M K Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"key":"ref364","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2004.01859.x","article-title":"Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with herbal preparations: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multi-centre trial","volume":"19","author":"A Madisch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1159\/000338301","article-title":"Clinical trial: transcutaneous interferential electrical stimulation in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome \u2013 a prospective double-blind randomized study","volume":"86","author":"\u015e Coban","year":"2012","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"ref366","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.13105","article-title":"Bilateral transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for chronic constipation","volume":"18","author":"F Iqbal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Colorectal Disease"},{"key":"ref367","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000779","article-title":"Bilateral Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation in the Treatment of Rectal Evacuation Disorder: A Preliminary Report","volume":"60","author":"K M Madbouly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"ref368","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1080\/03630242.2016.1176098","article-title":"Improving slow-transit constipation with transcutaneous electrical stimulation in women: A randomized, comparative study","volume":"57","author":"Y Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Women Health"},{"key":"ref369","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1089\/acu.2017.1256","article-title":"Effects of Noninvasive Skin Stimulation with Microcones on Constipation: A Double-Blinded Controlled Study","volume":"30","author":"K Sawazaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Acupunct"},{"key":"ref370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9602525","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9602525","article-title":"Herbal Formula Modified Buzhong-Yiqi-Tang for Functional Constipation in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"2018","author":"H Gong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0189491","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189491","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"12","author":"D-y Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref372","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-016-0099-4","article-title":"Chinese herbal medicine for constipation: zheng-based associations among herbs, formulae, proprietary medicines, and herb-drug interactions","volume":"11","author":"L LD Zhong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin Med"},{"key":"ref373","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/S0254-6272(14)60022-4","article-title":"Treatment of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome by focusing on the liver in terms of Traditional Chinese Medicine: a meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Q Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Tradit Chin Med"},{"key":"ref374","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.005","article-title":"Efficacy of MaZiRenWan, a Chinese Herbal Medicine, in Patients With Functional Constipation in a Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"17","author":"L LD Zhong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.06.022","article-title":"Efficacy of a Chinese Herbal Medicine in Providing Adequate Relief of Constipation-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"13","author":"A Bensoussan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref376","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923190","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/923190","article-title":"Comparison of a Chinese Herbal Medicine (CCH1) and Lactulose as First-Line Treatment of Constipation in Long-Term Care: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, and Placebo-Controlled Trial","volume":"2012","author":"C H Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"ref377","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2010.0150","article-title":"Treatment of constipation in long-term care with Chinese herbal formula: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"C H Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"issue":"S 09","key":"ref378","first-page":"44","article-title":"Chinese herbal medicine for functional constipation: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Z X Bian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"key":"ref379","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296717","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1296717","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Daikenchuto for Constipation and Dose-Dependent Differences in Clinical Effects","volume":"2018","author":"T Hirose","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Chronic Diseases"},{"key":"ref380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2015.12.003","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of daikenchuto (TJ-100) in pregnant women with constipation","volume":"55","author":"H Tsuda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.curtheres.2015.04.002","article-title":"Effects of Daikenchuto on Abdominal Bloating Accompanied by Chronic Constipation: A Prospective, Single-Center Randomized Open Trial","volume":"77","author":"M Yuki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Ther Res Clin Exp"},{"key":"ref382","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12264","article-title":"Randomised clinical trial: the effects of daikenchuto, TU-100, on gastrointestinal and colonic transit, anorectal and bowel function in female patients with functional constipation","volume":"37","author":"J Iturrino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref383","first-page":"149","article-title":"Abdominal massage therapy for chronic constipation: A systematic review of controlled clinical trials","volume":"06","author":"E Ernst","year":"1996","journal-title":"Forsch Komplementarmed"},{"key":"ref384","first-page":"20","article-title":"Does abdominal massage relieve constipation?","volume":"107","author":"D McClurg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nurs Times"},{"key":"ref385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2010.02.004","article-title":"Effectiveness of aroma massage on advanced cancer patients with constipation: a pilot study","volume":"17","author":"T K Lai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref386","first-page":"2","article-title":"[Abdominal massage as intervention for patients with paraplegia caused by spinal cord injury \u2013 a pilot study]","volume":"59","author":"B Albers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pflege Z"},{"key":"ref387","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458510384899","article-title":"Abdominal massage for the alleviation of constipation symptoms in people with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled feasibility study","volume":"17","author":"D McClurg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"ref388","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1097\/01.phm.0000247649.00219.c0","article-title":"The effect of abdominal massage on bowel function in patients with spinal cord injury","volume":"85","author":"S Aya\u015f","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref389","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1054\/ctnm.2000.0522","article-title":"Aromatherapy massage for joint pain and constipation in a patient with Guillian Barr\u00e9","volume":"7","author":"C M Shirreffs","year":"2001","journal-title":"Complement Ther Nurs Midwifery"},{"key":"ref390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afw005","article-title":"Abdominal massage for the alleviation of symptoms of constipation in people with Parkinson's: a randomised controlled pilot study","volume":"45","author":"D McClurg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref391","first-page":"4842090","article-title":"Abdominal Massage for the Relief of Constipation in People with Parkinson\u2019s: A Qualitative Study","volume":"2016","author":"D McClurg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parkinson Disease"},{"key":"ref392","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1097\/SGA.0000000000000202","article-title":"The Effect of Abdominal Massage on Constipation and Quality of Life","volume":"39","author":"N Turan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Nurs"},{"key":"ref393","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2015.05.011","article-title":"The effectiveness of massage based on the tensegrity principle compared with classical abdominal massage performed on patients with constipation","volume":"61","author":"K Kassolik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"ref394","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0198-48","article-title":"The architecture of life","volume":"278","author":"D E Ingber","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sci Am"},{"key":"ref395","volume-title":"The anatomy trains: Myofascial meridians for manual and movement therapies","author":"T W Myers","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref396","volume-title":"Anatomy trains: Myofascial meridians for manual and movement therapists","author":"T W Myers","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref397","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1097\/SGA.0000000000000343","article-title":"The Effect of Abdominal Massage on Constipation in the Elderly Residing in Rest Homes","volume":"41","author":"K \u00c7evik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Nurs"},{"key":"ref398","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2011.03946.x","article-title":"Experiences of abdominal massage for constipation","volume":"21","author":"K L\u00e4m\u00e5s","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"ref399","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2009.01.007","article-title":"Effects of abdominal massage in management of constipation--a randomized controlled trial","volume":"46","author":"K L\u00e4m\u00e5s","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"ref400","first-page":"247","article-title":"Abdominal wall massage: effect on colonic function in healthy volunteers and in patients with chronic constipation","volume":"30","author":"A G Klauser","year":"1992","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.2147\/CEOR.S61602","article-title":"Opioid-induced constipation in patients with chronic noncancer pain in the USA, Canada, Germany, and the UK: descriptive analysis of baseline patient-reported outcomes and retrospective chart review","volume":"6","author":"K S Coyne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinicoecon Outcomes Res"},{"key":"ref402","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2012.657301","article-title":"The Bowel Function Index: a new validated scale for assessing opioid-induced constipation","volume":"28","author":"P Ducrott\u00e9","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"ref403","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2008.09.005","article-title":"Gastrointestinal symptoms under opioid therapy: a prospective comparison of oral sustained-release hydromorphone, transdermal fentanyl, and transdermal buprenorphine","volume":"13","author":"S Wirz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"ref404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X15578608","article-title":"Chronic opioid induced constipation in patients with nonmalignant pain: challenges and opportunities","volume":"8","author":"A D Nelson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Therap Adv Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.5055\/jom.2009.0014","article-title":"Opioid-induced constipation negatively impacts pain management, productivity, and health-related quality of life: findings from the National Health and Wellness Survey","volume":"5","author":"T Bell","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Opioid Manag"},{"key":"ref406","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2354.2011.01286.x","article-title":"Laxative management in ambulatory cancer patients on opioid therapy: a prospective, open-label investigation of polyethylene glycol, sodium picosulphate and lactulose","volume":"21","author":"S Wirz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Care (Engl)"},{"key":"ref408","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1177\/104990910502200511","article-title":"Management of constipation in palliative care patients undergoing opioid therapy: is polyethylene glycol an option?","volume":"22","author":"S Wirz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Palliat Care"},{"key":"ref409","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2017.01.003","article-title":"Strategies for Combating Opioid-Induced Constipation: Targeted Mechanisms to Maintain Pain Control Without Compromise","volume":"9","author":"M J Brennan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pm r"},{"key":"ref410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2016-0014","article-title":"Factors Associated With the Prophylactic Prescription of a Bowel Regimen to Prevent Opioid-Induced Constipation","volume":"6","author":"N Y Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hosp Pediatr"},{"key":"ref411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12745","article-title":"Constipation Prophylaxis Is Rare for Adults Prescribed Outpatient Opioid Therapy From U.\u200aS. Emergency Departments","volume":"22","author":"K M Hunold","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref412","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12724","article-title":"Opioid-Induced Constipation Among Patients with Chronic Noncancer Pain in the United States, Canada, Germany, and the United Kingdom: Laxative Use, Response, and Symptom Burden Over Time","volume":"16","author":"K S Coyne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"ref413","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.01.021","article-title":"Efficacy of Treatments for Opioid-Induced Constipation: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"J Nee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref414","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-014-0169-x","article-title":"Patient preferences for change in symptoms associated with opioid-induced constipation","volume":"31","author":"R S Epstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"ref415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2007.12.005","article-title":"Subcutaneous methylnaltrexone for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation in patients with advanced illness: a double-blind, randomized, parallel group, dose-ranging study","volume":"35","author":"R K Portenoy","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"ref416","first-page":"39","article-title":"Methylnaltrexone for treatment of opioid-induced constipation in advanced illness patients","volume":"7","author":"N Slatkin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Support Oncol"},{"key":"ref417","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2332","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0707377","article-title":"Methylnaltrexone for opioid-induced constipation in advanced illness","volume":"358","author":"J Thomas","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref418","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2014.0362","article-title":"Fixed-Dose Subcutaneous Methylnaltrexone in Patients with Advanced Illness and Opioid-Induced Constipation: Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study and Open-Label Extension","volume":"18","author":"J Bull","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Palliat Med"},{"key":"ref419","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S80749","article-title":"Methylnaltrexone for opioid-induced constipation: review and meta-analyses for objective plus subjective efficacy and safety outcomes","volume":"12","author":"W Siemens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"key":"ref420","first-page":"CD006332","article-title":"Mu-opioid antagonists for opioid-induced bowel dysfunction in people with cancer and people receiving palliative care","volume":"6","author":"B Candy","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Cochrane database of systematic reviews"},{"key":"ref421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14586","article-title":"Peripherally acting \u03bc-opioid antagonist for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"K Nishie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"ref422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.15403\/jgld.2014.1121.281.any","article-title":"Efficacy of naldemedine for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation: A meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"M Esmadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gastrointestin Liver Dis"},{"key":"ref423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(17)30105-X","article-title":"Naldemedine versus placebo for opioid-induced constipation (COMPOSE-1 and COMPOSE-2): two multicentre, phase 3, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group trials","volume":"2","author":"M Hale","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12899","article-title":"Randomised clinical trial: the long-term safety and tolerability of naloxegol in patients with pain and opioid-induced constipation","volume":"40","author":"L Webster","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1310246","article-title":"Naloxegol for opioid-induced constipation in patients with noncancer pain","volume":"370","author":"W D Chey","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref426","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640615604543","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of naloxegol in patients with opioid-induced constipation and laxative-inadequate response","volume":"3","author":"J Tack","year":"2015","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"ref427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2017.07.025","article-title":"Opioid-Induced Constipation Relief From Fixed-Ratio Combination Prolonged-Release Oxycodone\/Naloxone Compared With Oxycodone and Morphine for Chronic Nonmalignant Pain: A\u00a0Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"54","author":"L Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"ref428","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2007.00335.x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of mu-opioid antagonists in the treatment of opioid-induced bowel dysfunction: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"9","author":"E McNicol","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"ref429","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12646","article-title":"Oral Prolonged-Release Oxycodone\/Naloxone for Managing Pain and Opioid-Induced Constipation: A Review of the Evidence","volume":"18","author":"B J Morlion","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"ref430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640618818305","article-title":"Pathophysiology and management of opioid-induced constipation: European expert consensus statement","volume":"7","author":"A D Farmer","year":"2019","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"ref431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2006.12.018","article-title":"Peripherally acting opioid antagonists in the treatment of opiate-related constipation: a systematic review","volume":"34","author":"G Becker","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"ref432","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216311418869","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, double-dummy, parallel-group study to determine the safety and efficacy of oxycodone\/naloxone prolonged-release tablets in patients with moderate\/severe, chronic cancer pain","volume":"26","author":"S H Ahmedzai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"key":"ref433","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1185\/03007991003787318","article-title":"Innovative pain therapy with a fixed combination of prolonged-release oxycodone\/naloxone: a large observational study under conditions of daily practice","volume":"26","author":"U Schutter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"ref434","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1177\/026921639601000208","article-title":"An investigation of the ability of oral naloxone to correct opioid-related constipation in patients with advanced cancer","volume":"10","author":"N P Sykes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"key":"ref435","first-page":"29","article-title":"[Tilidine\/naloxon retard in long-term administration in chronic pain and multimorbidity. Multicenter study of long-term tolerance and effectiveness in 2 years observation]","volume":"120","author":"T Fl\u00f6ter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fortschr Med Orig"},{"key":"ref436","first-page":"24","article-title":"Effects of tramadol and tilidine\/naloxone on oral-caecal transit and pupillary light reflex","volume":"50","author":"E Freye","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"ref437","first-page":"254","article-title":"[Constipation after tilidine\/naloxone and tramadol in comparison to codeine. A dose response study in human volunteers]","volume":"10","author":"E Freye","year":"1996","journal-title":"Schmerz (Berlin, Germany)"},{"key":"ref438","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2001.00970.x","article-title":"Effect of an enteric-release formulation of naloxone on intestinal transit in volunteers taking codeine","volume":"15","author":"N D Hawkes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref439","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03855.x","article-title":"The effect of naloxone-3-glucuronide on colonic transit time in healthy men after acute morphine administration: a placebo-controlled double-blinded crossover preclinical volunteer study","volume":"28","author":"P Netzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(01)00369-4","article-title":"Low-dose oral naloxone reverses opioid-induced constipation and analgesia","volume":"23","author":"M Liu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"ref441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91156-O","article-title":"Oral naloxone in opioid-associated constipation","volume":"338","author":"B A Robinson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref442","first-page":"568","article-title":"[Is the pharmacological treatment of constipation in palliative care evidence based? a systematic literature review]","volume":"26","author":"S Bader","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schmerz"},{"key":"ref443","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2002.01320.x","article-title":"Naloxone treatment for irritable bowel syndrome \u2013 a randomized controlled trial with an oral formulation","volume":"16","author":"N D Hawkes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref444","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)91684-7","article-title":"Naloxone, a specific opioid antagonist, reverses chronic idiopathic constipation","volume":"1","author":"M J Kreek","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref445","first-page":"407","article-title":"Beneficial effects of naloxone in a patient with intestinal pseudoobstruction","volume":"80","author":"J C Schang","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref446","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1986.00360160140019","article-title":"Functional dyspepsia and chronic idiopathic gastric stasis. Role of endogenous opiates","volume":"146","author":"F Narducci","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref447","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001080","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines from the French National Society of Coloproctology in treating chronic constipation","volume":"30","author":"V Vitton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref448","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1177\/1553350608316684","article-title":"Decision-making algorithm for the STARR procedure in obstructed defecation syndrome: position statement of the group of STARR Pioneers","volume":"15","author":"O Schwandner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surg Innov"},{"key":"ref449","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-014-1836-8","article-title":"STARR with CONTOUR TRANSTAR\u2122 device for obstructed defecation syndrome: one-year real-world outcomes of the European TRANSTAR registry","volume":"29","author":"G Ribaric","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"ref450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.12415","article-title":"Consensus on ventral rectopexy: report of a panel of experts","volume":"16","author":"M A Mercer-Jones","year":"2014","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"S 03","key":"ref451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.13775","article-title":"Surgery for constipation: systematic review and practice recommendations: Graded practice and future research recommendations","volume":"19","author":"C H Knowles","year":"2017","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"ref452","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000599","article-title":"The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons\u02bc Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Constipation","volume":"59","author":"I M Paquette","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"S 03","key":"ref453","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.13779","article-title":"Surgery for constipation: systematic review and practice recommendations: Results I: Colonic resection","volume":"19","author":"C H Knowles","year":"2017","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"ref454","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13415","article-title":"Colectomy for constipation: time trends and impact based on the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 1998-2011","volume":"42","author":"A Dudekula","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref455","first-page":"748","article-title":"Physiological tests to predict long-term outcome of total abdominal colectomy for intractable constipation","volume":"90","author":"J M Redmond","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref456","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529609036891","article-title":"Long-term results of subtotal colectomy and evidence of noncolonic involvement in patients with idiopathic slow-transit constipation","volume":"31","author":"S Ghosh","year":"1996","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref457","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-017-1613-0","article-title":"Long-term outcome of sacral neuromodulation for chronic refractory constipation","volume":"21","author":"Y Maeda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"key":"ref458","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.187989","article-title":"Sacral nerve stimulation for intractable constipation","volume":"59","author":"M A Kamm","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref459","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.101","article-title":"Treatment efficacy of sacral nerve stimulation in slow transit constipation: a two-phase, double-blind randomized controlled crossover study","volume":"110","author":"P G Dinning","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12546","article-title":"Results after sacral nerve stimulation for chronic constipation","volume":"27","author":"W Graf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.12857","article-title":"Long-term results following sacral nerve stimulation for chronic constipation","volume":"17","author":"C Ratto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"ref462","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000653","article-title":"Sacral Nerve Stimulation Fails to Offer Long-term Benefit in Patients With Slow-Transit Constipation","volume":"59","author":"V Patton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"ref463","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.8944","article-title":"Sacral nerve stimulation for constipation","volume":"100","author":"G P Thomas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"ref464","first-page":"Cd004464","article-title":"Sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence and constipation in adults","author":"M A Thaha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"S 03","key":"ref465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.13780","article-title":"Surgery for constipation: systematic review and practice recommendations: Results V: Sacral Nerve Stimulation","volume":"19","author":"S A Pilkington","year":"2017","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"ref466","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12388","article-title":"A systematic review of sacral nerve stimulation mechanisms in the treatment of fecal incontinence and constipation","volume":"26","author":"E V Carrington","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref467","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10326","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial of sacral nerve stimulation for refractory constipation","volume":"104","author":"F Zerbib","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"ref468","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001379","article-title":"A randomized double-blinded sham-controlled cross-over trial of tined-lead sacral nerve stimulation testing for chronic constipation","volume":"31","author":"Y Yiannakou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"S 03","key":"ref469","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.13774","article-title":"Surgery for constipation: systematic review and clinical guidance: Paper 1: Introduction & Methods","volume":"19","author":"C H Knowles","year":"2017","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"ref470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2007.01262.x","article-title":"Set-up and statistical validation of a new scoring system for obstructed defaecation syndrome","volume":"10","author":"D F Altomare","year":"2008","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"ref471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.12595","article-title":"Evacuation proctography: a reappraisal of normal variability","volume":"16","author":"S Palit","year":"2014","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"ref472","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000510","article-title":"Impact of Rising Grades of Internal Rectal Intussusception on Fecal Continence and Symptoms of Constipation","volume":"59","author":"A T Hawkins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"S 03","key":"ref473","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.13772","article-title":"Surgery for constipation: systematic review and practice recommendations: Results III: Rectal wall excisional procedures (Rectal Excision)","volume":"19","author":"M Mercer-Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"ref474","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-012-0920-1","article-title":"Results in the long-term course after stapled transanal rectal resection (STARR)","volume":"397","author":"K K\u00f6hler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"},{"key":"ref475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2906","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-017-4084-6","article-title":"STARR with Contour Transtar for Obstructed Defecation Syndrome: Long-Term Results","volume":"41","author":"F S Mari","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"S 03","key":"ref476","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.13773","article-title":"Surgery for constipation: systematic review and practice recommendations: Results II: Hitching procedures for the rectum (rectal suspension)","volume":"19","author":"U Grossi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"ref477","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000402","article-title":"A Multicenter Collaboration to Assess the Safety of Laparoscopic Ventral Rectopexy","volume":"58","author":"C Evans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"}],"container-title":["Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Gastroenterologie"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-1880-1928.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T17:58:29Z","timestamp":1728151109000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-1880-1928"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":474,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1880-1928","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0044-2771","1439-7803"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0044-2771","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-7803","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}}}