{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T11:22:28Z","timestamp":1792840948235,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Facial Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nasal septal perforations have varied etiologies, clinical presentations, and methods of management. Some patients may be asymptomatic, while others may complain of nasal obstruction, crusting, epistaxis, and whistling. Management of nasal septal perforations is guided by the patient's symptoms and characteristics of the perforation. Some lesions can be managed conservatively or with minimally invasive procedures, while others require surgery. Surgical repair of perforations can be challenging and many techniques have been described without a standardized method of management. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of options for repair of nasal septal perforations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1883-0539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T23:08:02Z","timestamp":1656025682000},"page":"332-338","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Repair of Septal Perforations"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Kyle S.","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra S.","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott J.","family":"Stephan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref1","first-page":"72","article-title":"Prevalence of nasal septal perforation: the Sk\u00f6vde population-based study","volume":"41","author":"D Oberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2018.05.001","article-title":"Anatomy and physiology of nasal obstruction","volume":"51","author":"D W Hsu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North 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