{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T15:44:51Z","timestamp":1774539891888,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ultraschall Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diseases of the respiratory system are among the main problems of premature patients in the neonatal intensive care unit. Radiography of the thorax is the gold standard of imaging. This results in high cumulative radiation exposure with potential negative long-term consequences. Ultrasound examination of thoracic structures represents a promising radiation-free and ubiquitously available alternative.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A healthy, ventilated lung can only be imaged via artifacts, since total reflection of the sound waves occurs due to the high impedance difference between tissue and air-filled lung. Pathologies of pleura and subpleural lung tissue lead to changes in the acoustic properties of the tissue and thus to variations in the artifacts that can be imaged. The main sonographic characteristics of pulmonary pathology are: pleural line abnormalities, increased B-lines and comet-tail artifacts, lung consolidations, a visible pulmonary pulse, pleural sliding abnormalities, and visualization of effusions. Deviations from normal sonographic findings can be assigned to specific underlying pathophysiologies, so that conclusions about the disease can be drawn in conjunction with the clinical symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1885-5664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T22:57:00Z","timestamp":1662677820000},"page":"14-35","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pulmonary Sonography \u2013 Neonatal Diagnosis Part 1"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Simone","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Sana\u00a0Kliniken\u00a0Duisburg GmbH, Duisburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"ref1","first-page":"339","article-title":"Ultrasound of the pleura in children, WFUMB review paper","volume":"23","author":"J Jaworska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Ultrason"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.11152\/mu-3059","article-title":"Lung ultrasound in children, WFUMB review paper (part 2)","volume":"23","author":"C F Dietrich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Ultrason"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.11152\/mu-2944","article-title":"WFUMB position paper on reverberation artefacts in lung ultrasound: B-lines or comet-tails?","volume":"18","author":"G Mathis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Ultrason"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.004717","article-title":"Novel approaches to ultrasonography of the lung and pleural space: where are we now?","volume":"13","author":"D Lichtenstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Breathe Sheff Engl"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9081015","article-title":"Lung Ultrasound in Pediatrics and Neonatology: An Update","volume":"9","author":"A Ammirabile","year":"2021","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s40477-019-00357-6","article-title":"Neonatal and pediatric thoracic ultrasonography","volume":"22","author":"G Rea","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"Ultraschalldiagnostik in P\u00e4diatrie und Kinderchirurgie","author":"K H Deeg","year":"2014"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-0001","article-title":"A-lines and B-lines: lung ultrasound as a bedside tool for predicting pulmonary artery occlusion pressure in the critically ill","volume":"136","author":"D A Lichtenstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/58990","article-title":"Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus","author":"J Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105184","article-title":"Neonatal lung ultrasound: From paradox to diagnosis and beyond","volume":"150","author":"F Migliaro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Early Hum"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.5.96-07096","article-title":"The comet-tail artifact. 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