{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T12:56:34Z","timestamp":1755694594488},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background Specialty training in plastic, reconstructive and aesthetic\n                    surgery is a prerequisite for safe and effective provision of care. The aim of\n                    this study was to assess and portray similarities and differences in the\n                    continuing education and specialization in plastic surgery in Europe.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Material and Methods A detailed questionnaire was designed and distributed\n                    utilizing an online survey administration software. Questions addressed core\n                    items regarding continuing education and specialization in plastic surgery in\n                    Europe. Participants were addressed directly via the European Leadership Forum\n                    (ELF) of the European Society of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery\n                    (ESPRAS). All participants had detailed knowledge of the organization and\n                    management of plastic surgical training in their respective country.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results The survey was completed by 29 participants from 23 European\n                    countries. During specialization, plastic surgeons in Europe are trained in\n                    advanced tissue transfer and repair and aesthetic principles in all parts of the\n                    human body and within several subspecialties. Moreover, rotations in intensive\n                    as well as emergency care are compulsory in most European countries. Board\n                    certification is only provided for surgeons who have had multiple years of\n                    training regulated by a national board, who provide evidence of individually\n                    performed operative procedures in several anatomical regions and subspecialties,\n                    and who pass a final oral and\/or written examination.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion Board certified plastic surgeons meet the highest degree of\n                    qualification, are trained in all parts of the body and in the management of\n                    complications. The standard of continuing education and qualification of\n                    European plastic surgeons is high, providing an excellent level of plastic\n                    surgical care throughout Europe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1894-7436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T22:36:46Z","timestamp":1660084606000},"page":"365-373","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["ESPRAS Survey on Continuing Education in Plastic, Reconstructive and\n                    Aesthetic Surgery in Europe"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Moellhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital,\n                    LMU Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tine","family":"Arnez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery and Burns,\n                    University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elias","family":"Athanasopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, General Military Training Hospital,\n                    Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Horacio","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aveiro University Plastic Reconstructive Craniomaxillofacial Hand and\n                    Microsurgical Unit, Gaia Hospital Center, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"De Santis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital\n                    of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephane","family":"De Mortillet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital\n                    of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cenk","family":"Demird\u00f6ver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00f4le sant\u00e9 L\u00e9onard de Vinci. Chambray les\n                    Tours, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni di","family":"Benedetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery and Hand\n                    Surgery, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boro","family":"Dzonov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery and Hand\n                    Surgery, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Elander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Marche Polytechnic\n                    University, Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Hansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Marche Polytechnic\n                    University, Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Henley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty Skopje, University St Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Uni.\n                    Clinic for plastic and reconstructive surgery, Vodnjanska bb, Skopje, N.\n                    Macedonia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristian Radu","family":"Jecan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital,\n                    Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg,\n                    Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilkka","family":"Kaartinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nottingham University\n                    Hospitals, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reuf","family":"Karabeg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Microsurgery, \u201cProf Dr\n                    Agrippa Ionescu\u201d Clinic Emergency Hospital, Carol Davila University of\n                    Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrey","family":"Kharkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere,\n                    Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Kneafsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Clinic \u201cKarabeg\u201d, Sarajevo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Smilja Tudzarova","family":"Gjorgova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Kiev, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Drahomir","family":"Palencar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Beaumont\n                    Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aurelio","family":"Portincasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Skopje, N.\n                    Macedonia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Psaras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical Faculty of Comenius University\n                    Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hinne","family":"Rakhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Foggia\n                    Medical School, University of Foggia , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Elena Ruiz","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Medical Centre, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Rouif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Medical Centre, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Saboye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic and reconstructive surgery, ZGT, Hengelo, The\n                    Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio Santanelli di","family":"Pompeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, HM Torrelodones, Madrid,\n                    Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Spendel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tours, Loire Valley, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nenad","family":"Stepic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique M\u00e9dip\u00f4le Garonne, 45, rue de Gironis, 31036\n                    Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olavi","family":"Vasar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic Surgery Unit, Sant\u2019Andrea Hospital, School of Medicine\n                    and Psychology, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, Rome,\n                    Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rado","family":"Zic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Plastic Surgery and Burns Military Medical Academy,\n                    Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riccardo E.","family":"Giunta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital,\n                    LMU Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001365","article-title":"What Makes a Plastic Surgery Residency Program Attractive? 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Surg"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1038965","article-title":"Ursula Schmidt-Tintemann-pioneer of plastic surgery in Germany","volume":"40","author":"R E Giunta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"257","article-title":"Aesthetic surgery and history","volume":"48","author":"J Glicenstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Chir Plast Esthet"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1169-4443","article-title":"The COVID-19 Pandemic and its Impact on Plastic Surgery in Europe \u2013 An\n                    ESPRAS Survey","volume":"52","author":"R E Giunta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1175-4169","article-title":"EASAPS\/ESPRAS Considerations in getting back to work in Plastic Surgery\n                    with the COVID-19 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        Effect","volume":"77","author":"O Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Surg Educ"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.02.014","article-title":"A Comparison of Guided Video Reflection versus Self-Regulated Learning to Teach\n                    Knot Tying to Medical Students: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"77","author":"PZ T Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Surg Educ"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-021-02557-0","article-title":"A Systematic Review of Aesthetic Surgery Training Within Plastic Surgery\n                    Training Programs in the USA: An In-Depth Analysis and Practical Reference","volume":"46","author":"M P Morris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/544393b","article-title":"More surgeons must start doing basic science","volume":"544","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2021.00745","article-title":"Plastic surgery and specialty creep: an analysis of publication trends","volume":"48","author":"E L Mackenzie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Plast Surg"}],"container-title":["Handchirurgie \u00b7 Mikrochirurgie \u00b7 Plastische Chirurgie"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-1894-7436.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]],"date-time":"2024-06-29T10:54:57Z","timestamp":1719658497000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-1894-7436"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1894-7436","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0722-1819","1439-3980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0722-1819","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}}}