{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:15:39Z","timestamp":1782843339725,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010322","name":"Pakistan Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["5-9\/PAS\/52"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5-9\/PAS\/52"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Planta Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Urease plays a major role in the pathogenesis of peptic and gastric ulcer and also causes acute pyelonephritis and development of infection-induced reactive arthritis. Carbonic anhydrases\n          (CA) cause pathological disorders such as epilepsy (CA I), glaucoma, gastritis, renal, pancreatic carcinomas, and malignant brain tumors (CA II). Although various synthetic urease and\n          carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are known, these have many side effects. Hence, present studies were undertaken on ethyl acetate extract of Aspergillus nidulans, an endophytic fungus\n          separated from the leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn.\u00a0and led to the isolation of five furanoxanthones, sterigmatin (1), sterigmatocystin (3),\n          dihydrosterigmatocystin (4), oxisterigmatocystin C (5), acyl-hemiacetal sterigmatocystin (6), and a pyranoxanthone (2). Acetylation of 3 gave compound\n          O-acetyl sterigmatocystin (7). Their chemical structures were elucidated by 1H and 13C NMR and MS. The inhibitory effect of isolated compounds was\n          evaluated on urease and carbonic anhydrase (bCA II) enzymes in vitro. Compounds 3 and 6 showed significant urease inhibition (IC50 19\u00a0and 21\u2009\u00b5M), while\n          other compounds exhibited varying degrees of urease inhibition (IC50 33\u200a\u2013\u200a51\u2009\u00b5M). Compounds 4, 6 and 7 exhibited significant inhibition of bCA II\n          (IC50 values 21, 25 and 18\u2009\u00b5M respectively), compounds 1\u20133 displayed moderate inhibition (IC50 61, 76 and 31\u2009\u00b5M respectively) while 5 showed no\n          inhibition. A mechanistic study of the most active urease inhibitors was also performed using enzyme kinetics and molecular docking. All compounds were found non-toxic on the NIH-3T3 cell\n          line.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1908-0935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T23:52:47Z","timestamp":1673394767000},"page":"377-384","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Urease and Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitory Effect of Xanthones from Aspergillus nidulans, an Endophytic Fungus of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Talea","family":"Sana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H.\u200aE.\u200aJ. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H.\u200aE.\u200aJ. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Almas","family":"Jabeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidrah","family":"Shams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taibi Ben","family":"Hadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Chimie des Mat\u00e9riaux, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences, Universit\u00e9 Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabira","family":"Begum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H.\u200aE.\u200aJ. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bina Shaheen","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H.\u200aE.\u200aJ. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.2307\/3545919","article-title":"Endophyte: The evaluation of a term and clarification of its use and definition","volume":"73","author":"D Wilson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7020147","article-title":"Pharmacological potential of fungal endophytes associated with medicinal plants: A review","volume":"7","author":"B S Adeleke","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"177","volume-title":"Glossary of Indian medicinal Plants","author":"R N Chopra","year":"1956"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"2","article-title":"Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. associated fungal endophyte Aspergillus niger derived isolation of camptothecin for its antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity","volume":"1","author":"N Ganesan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scigen J Sci Tech"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.47371\/S10267-011-0146-Z","article-title":"Diversity and antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, a well-known medicinal plant of India","volume":"53","author":"S K Gond","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mycoscience"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.2174\/1573406414666180828124252","article-title":"Antiproliferative activity and characterization of metabolites of Aspergillus nidulans: An endophytic fungus from Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. against three human cell\n          lines","volume":"15","author":"T Sana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Chem"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.25135\/rnp.251.21.02.1986","article-title":"Bioactive natural products from endophytic fungus Aspergillus nidulans associated with Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn","volume":"15","author":"T Sana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rec Nat Prod"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-7406.80778","article-title":"Antiulcer effect of the methanolic extract of Tamarindus indica seeds in different experimental models","volume":"3","author":"P Kalra","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pharm Bioallied Sci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.59.3.451-480.1995","article-title":"Molecular biology of microbial ureases","volume":"59","author":"H L Mobley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.05.036","article-title":"Kinetics of novel competitive inhibitors of urease enzymes by a focused library of oxadiazoles\/thiadiazoles and triazoles","volume":"319","author":"Z Amtul","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcatb.2009.01.003","article-title":"Ureases I. 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II. Kinetic studies of the enzyme-catalyzed hydration of pyridine aldehydes","volume":"6","author":"Y Pocker","year":"1967","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2016.02.004","article-title":"Synthesis, \u03b1-glucosidase inhibitory, cytotoxicity and docking studies of 2-aryl-7-methylbenzimidazoles","volume":"65","author":"M Taha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioorg Chem"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4","article-title":"Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays","volume":"65","author":"T Mosmann","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"}],"container-title":["Planta Medica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-1908-0935.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T00:02:40Z","timestamp":1680220960000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-1908-0935"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1908-0935","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-0943","1439-0221"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-0943","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0221","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]]}}}