{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T12:48:09Z","timestamp":1771505289006,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a rare demyelinating autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system. MOGAD frequently manifests with severe,\n\t\t\t\t\tbilateral, and episodes of recurrent optic neuritis (ON) and is an important differential diagnosis to multiple sclerosis and aquaporin-4-IgG seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum\n\t\t\t\t\tdisorders. Besides ON, the clinical manifestations of MOGAD commonly include transverse myelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and brain stem encephalitis. In this review, we\n\t\t\t\t\tsummarize the current knowledge of the neuro-ophthalmological presentation of MOGAD-ON. We describe epidemiological aspects, including the association with COVID-19 and other infections or\n\t\t\t\t\tvaccinations, clinical presentation, and imaging findings of MOGAD-ON in the acute stage and during remission. Furthermore, we report findings on prognosis, treatment response, and changes\n\t\t\t\t\tin ON-unaffected eyes. We touch upon findings on visual acuity, visual fields, and visual evoked potentials, as well as structural changes assessed with optical coherence tomography.\n\t\t\t\t\tMoreover, we explain how to differentiate MOGAD from its differential diagnoses, including other neuroinflammatory disorders (multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders),\n\t\t\t\t\tbut also idiopathic intracranial hypertension.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1928-5117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T23:13:35Z","timestamp":1661210015000},"page":"1305-1314","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Neuro-ophthalmological Presentation of Optic Neuritis in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"239","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9605-8095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting-Yi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation between the Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin\n\t\t\t\t\tBerlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Max-Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin,\n\t\t\t\t\tGermany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"Asseyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation between the Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin\n\t\t\t\t\tBerlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Max-Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin,\n\t\t\t\t\tGermany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilberto Solorza","family":"Buenrostro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation between the Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin\n\t\t\t\t\tBerlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Max-Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin,\n\t\t\t\t\tGermany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Feldmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation between the Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin\n\t\t\t\t\tBerlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Max-Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin,\n\t\t\t\t\tGermany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Hamann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Friedemann","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation between the Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin\n\t\t\t\t\tBerlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Max-Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin,\n\t\t\t\t\tGermany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanna G.","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation between the Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin\n\t\t\t\t\tBerlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Max-Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin,\n\t\t\t\t\tGermany"},{"name":"Einstein Center Digital Future, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1335-x","article-title":"Chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy (CRION): A manifestation of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies","volume":"15","author":"H J Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation;"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3128","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx276","article-title":"Clinical presentation and prognosis in MOG-antibody disease: A UK study","volume":"140","author":"M Jurynczyk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0718-0","article-title":"MOG-IgG in NMO and related disorders: a multicenter study of 50 patients. Part 2: Epidemiology, clinical presentation, radiological and laboratory features, treatment responses, and\n\t\t\t\t\tlong-term outcome","volume":"13","author":"S Jarius","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000681","article-title":"Clinical spectrum of central nervous system myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein autoimmunity in adults","volume":"32","author":"A Cobo-Calvo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-017-8615-8","article-title":"Optic neuritis in patients with anti-MOG antibodies spectrum disorder: MRI and clinical features from a large multicentric cohort in France","volume":"264","author":"D Biotti","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1858","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005560","article-title":"Clinical spectrum and prognostic value of CNS MOG autoimmunity in adults: The MOGADOR study","volume":"90","author":"A Cobo-Calvo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00218-0","article-title":"Myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease","volume":"20","author":"R Marignier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-9122-2","article-title":"Neurological update: MOG antibody disease","volume":"266","author":"R Wynford-Thomas","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-01334-8","article-title":"Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated disorder-optic neuritis: a comprehensive review of diagnosis and treatment","volume":"35","author":"S M Gospe 3rd","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756286418762083","DOI":"10.1177\/1756286418762083","article-title":"Defining distinct features of anti-MOG antibody associated central nervous system demyelination","volume":"11","author":"M S Weber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e62","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000062","article-title":"Does MOG Ig-positive AQP4-seronegative opticospinal inflammatory disease justify a diagnosis of NMO spectrum disorder?","volume":"2","author":"S S Zamvil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001729","article-title":"International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders","volume":"85","author":"D M Wingerchuk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1144-2","article-title":"MOG encephalomyelitis: International recommendations on diagnosis and antibody testing. J\u00a0Neuroinflammation","volume":"15","author":"S Jarius","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0214-9","article-title":"Neuromyelitis optica","volume":"6","author":"S Jarius","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30278-8","article-title":"Retinal layer segmentation in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"A Petzold","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e449","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000449","article-title":"Multicenter reliability of semiautomatic retinal layer segmentation using OCT","volume":"5","author":"T Oberwahrenbrock","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol 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investigation of acute optic neuritis: A review and proposed protocol","volume":"10","author":"A Petzold","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.06.003","article-title":"Glia-neuron interactions in the mammalian retina","volume":"51","author":"E Vecino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws098","article-title":"Microcystic macular oedema in multiple sclerosis is associated with disease severity","volume":"135","author":"J M Gelfand","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2855","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww219","article-title":"Retinal inner nuclear layer volume reflects response to immunotherapy in multiple sclerosis","volume":"139","author":"B Knier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1918-1824","article-title":"Diagnostik der Neuromyelitis-optica-Spektrum-Erkrankung (NMOSD) und der MOG-Antik\u00f6rper-assoziierten Erkrankung (MOGAD)","author":"D Mewes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000828","article-title":"Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: current topics","volume":"33","author":"K Fujihara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.07.014","article-title":"Population-Based Incidence of Optic Neuritis in the Era of Aquaporin-4 and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibodies","volume":"220","author":"M B Hassan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540156","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.540156","article-title":"AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG Related Optic Neuritis\u2013Prevalence, Optical Coherence Tomography Findings, and Visual Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"11","author":"A G Filippatou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2055217320925107","article-title":"Uveitis, optic neuritis and MOG","volume":"6","author":"P Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2020.06.002","article-title":"A Tearfully Painful Darkness","volume":"66","author":"L Leishangthem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-324422","article-title":"Anti-MOG antibody-associated disorders: Differences in clinical profiles and prognosis in Japan and Germany","volume":"92","author":"J Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870211","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2022.870211","article-title":"Differences in Neuropathic Pain and Radiological Features Between AQP4-ON, MOG-ON, and IDON","volume":"3","author":"H Kang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pain Res (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.101965","article-title":"Prodromal headache in MOG-antibody positive optic neuritis","volume":"40","author":"S Asseyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515593406","article-title":"Radiological differentiation of optic neuritis with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies, aquaporin-4 antibodies, and multiple sclerosis","volume":"22","author":"S Ramanathan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/cen3.12623","article-title":"Practical recognition tools of immunoglobulin G serum antibodies against the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-positive optic neuritis and its clinical implications","volume":"12","author":"I Lotan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-8956-y","article-title":"Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-positive optic neuritis masquerading as pseudotumor cerebri at presentation","volume":"265","author":"I Lotan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.003","article-title":"Atypical Anti-MOG syndrome with aseptic meningoencephalitis and pseudotumor cerebri-like 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Practical considerations","volume":"19","author":"M Jury\u0144czyk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pract Neurol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0112-x","article-title":"Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies in neurological disease","volume":"15","author":"M Reindl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01824-2","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid findings in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies. Part 1: Results from 163 lumbar punctures in 100 adult patients","volume":"17","author":"S Jarius","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01825-1","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid findings in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies. Part 2: Results from 108 lumbar punctures in 80 pediatric patients","volume":"17","author":"S Jarius","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2142780","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.42780","article-title":"Factors Associated with Relapse and Treatment of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease in the United Kingdom","volume":"5","author":"C Satukijchai","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577521","article-title":"COVID-19, HHV6 and MOG antibody: A perfect storm","volume":"353","author":"M Jumah","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103286","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 public health measures on myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG-associated disorders in children","volume":"56","author":"M L Kaseka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord;"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11194-9","article-title":"MOG encephalomyelitis after vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2): case report and comprehensive review of the literature","author":"S Jarius","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000001049","article-title":"Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Optic Neuritis and Myelitis in COVID-19","volume":"40","author":"S Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51609","article-title":"SARS-COV-2 a trigger of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disorder","volume":"9","author":"M Johnsson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103189","article-title":"Patient-reported safety and tolerability of the COVID-19 vaccines in persons with rare neuroimmunological diseases","volume":"55","author":"I Lotan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr264","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography segmentation reveals ganglion cell layer pathology after optic neuritis","volume":"135","author":"S B Syc","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13004","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography in acute optic neuritis: A population-based study","volume":"138","author":"K Soelberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e665","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000665","article-title":"MS optic neuritis-induced long-term structural changes within the visual pathway","volume":"7","author":"M Pawlitzki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26440","article-title":"Longitudinal retinal changes in MOGAD","volume":"92","author":"F C Oertel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0720-6","article-title":"MOG-IgG in NMO and related disorders: A multicenter study of 50 patients. Part 4: Afferent visual system damage after optic neuritis in MOG-IgG-seropositive versus AQP4-IgG-seropositive\n\t\t\t\t\tpatients","volume":"13","author":"F Pache","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2021.1982697","article-title":"Retinal optical coherence tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and MOG-antibody associated disorders: an updated review","volume":"21","author":"T Y Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/530305","article-title":"Retinal Damage in Multiple Sclerosis Disease Subtypes Measured by High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography","volume":"2012","author":"T Oberwahrenbrock","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mult Scler Int"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-017-0123-5","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: potential advantages for individualized monitoring of progression and therapy","volume":"9","author":"F C Oertel","year":"2017","journal-title":"EPMA J"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520937281","article-title":"Visual field loss and structure\u2013function relationships in optic neuritis associated with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody","volume":"27","author":"R Deschamps","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14089","article-title":"Clinical, imaging and follow-up study of optic neuritis associated with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody: a multicentre study of 62 adult patients","volume":"27","author":"N 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