{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T19:05:31Z","timestamp":1770836731277,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Res (Stuttg)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies have shown the ability of benzodiazepine drugs to cause memory loss in\n                    animals and humans. Midazolam is a benzodiazepine commonly administered\n                    intravenously during surgical procedures because it reacts rapidly, causes\n                    anterograde amnesia, and has few side effects. It has also been used in\n                    palliative medicine where, among others, an oral route has been employed for\n                    chronic administration of the drug. The current study evaluated the effects of\n                    chronic orally administered midazolam on spatial working memory and procedural\n                    memory in control and experimental female rats over a three-week experimental\n                    period utilizing the Morris water maze. Sample and test run times to a submerged\n                    platform in the maze were recorded daily. In addition, activity wheels attached\n                    to each cage were employed to monitor daily circadian activity of the animals.\n                    Spatial working memory was not impaired in either group. However, procedural\n                    memory amnesia occurred in animals receiving the drug indicative of a\n                    consolidation or retrieval problem. Concerning circadian rhythms, a phase-shift\n                    was noted in experimental animals possibly indicating that time of day of drug\n                    administration is important. The findings of the present study could shed\n                    insight into altered reactions observed in humans who have received midazolam as\n                    a component of treatment in palliative medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1937-9064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T00:37:07Z","timestamp":1666917427000},"page":"40-45","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of Chronic Oral Administration of Midazolam on Memory and\n                    Circadian Rhythms in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Helen M.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Carroll University, University Heights, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasiya I.","family":"Kalinina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Carroll University, University Heights, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cyrilla H.","family":"Wideman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Carroll University, University Heights, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"214","article-title":"Benzodiazepine pharmacology and central nervous system \u2013 mediated\n                    effects","volume":"13","author":"C E Griffin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ochsner J"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"2632352419895527","article-title":"Midazolam: an essential palliative care drug","volume":"14","author":"E. Prommer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Palliat Care Soc Pract"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"49","article-title":"Anterograde amnesia linked to benzodiazepines","volume":"17","author":"SL. Mejo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nurse Pract"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"121","article-title":"Midazolam: a new benzodiazepine","volume":"55","author":"S Frye-Kryder","year":"1987","journal-title":"AANA J"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2012.12.014","article-title":"Midazolam impairs acquisition and retrieval, but not consolidation of reference\n                    memory in the Morris water maze","volume":"241","author":"T Timic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar\/ilu013","article-title":"Assessing spatial learning and memory in rodents","volume":"55","author":"C V Vorhees","year":"2014","journal-title":"ILAR J"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108838","article-title":"Midazolam: safety of use in palliative care","volume":"114","author":"I Zaporowska-Stachowiak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmocother"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-022-00902-x","article-title":"Development and palliative care staff reactions to a sleep regulation\n                    educational intervention","volume":"21","author":"E Capezuti","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Palliat Care"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02246454","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of midazolam after intravenous,\n                    subcutaneous, intraperitoneal and oral administration under chronic food-limited\n                    regimen: relating DRL performance to pharmacokinetics","volume":"126","author":"C E Lau","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.116","article-title":"Morris water maze: procedures for assessing spatial and related forms of\n                    learning and memory","volume":"1","author":"C V Vorhees","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2000001100013","article-title":"Interaction between repeated restraint stress and concomitant midazolam\n                    administration on sweet food ingestion in rats","volume":"33","author":"P P Silveira","year":"2000","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17S","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1983.tb02267.x","article-title":"Preclinical pharmacology of midazolam","volume":"16","author":"L. Pieri","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharma"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730404265688","article-title":"Effect of circadian phase on performance of rats in the Morris water maze\n                    task","volume":"19","author":"V S Valentinuzzi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Rhythms"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2006.243","article-title":"Anterograde and retrograde effects of benzodiazepines on memory","volume":"6","author":"D. Beracochea","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.112.1.183","article-title":"Benzodiazepine-induced amnesia in rats: reinstatement of conditioned performance\n                    by noxious stimulation on test","volume":"112","author":"J A Harris","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"011","DOI":"10.1385\/MN:22:1-3:011","article-title":"Amygdala-hippocampus dynamic interaction in relation to memory","volume":"22","author":"G Richter-Levin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2698","DOI":"10.4249\/scholarpedia.2698","article-title":"Amygdala","volume":"3","author":"JE. LeDoux","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scholarpedia"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1378","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.279.4.R1378","article-title":"Circadian rhythms of body temperature and activity levels during 63\u2009h of\n                    hypoxia in the rat","volume":"279","author":"B Bishop","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Regul Integra Comp Physiol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(89)90056-7","article-title":"Midazolam, short-acting benzodiazepine, resets the circadian clock of the\n                    hamster","volume":"32","author":"B E Wee","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-018-0385-2","article-title":"Non- pharmacological solutions to sleep and circadian rhythm disruption: voiced\n                    bedside experiences of hospice and end-of-life staff caregivers","volume":"17","author":"R Sagha Zadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Palliat Care"}],"container-title":["Drug Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-1937-9064.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T11:37:33Z","timestamp":1672832253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-1937-9064"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1937-9064","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2194-9379","2194-9387"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2194-9379","type":"print"},{"value":"2194-9387","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]]}}}