{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T19:53:03Z","timestamp":1784663583573,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Urinary incontinence (UI) in female athletes can impair their quality-of-life\n                    (QoL) and reduce their participation in sports. This review aims to evaluate the\n                    effect of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) in treating UI in women\n                    participating in high-impact sports. Furthermore, to assess the influence of\n                    PFMT on pelvic floor muscles (PFM) function and the UI impact on their QoL. For\n                    this purpose, a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and\n                    non-RCTs was performed. An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE,\n                    SciELO, and Scopus. The quality of evidence was assessed using the PEDro and\n                    ROBINS-I scales. The Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) was used to\n                    assess the quality of PFMT protocols. All studies were available in full-text\n                    including incontinent female participants who are practitioners of high-impact\n                    sports, investigating PFMT vs control groups(inactive) or undergoing other\n                    treatments. Three RCTs and two non-RCTs (104 participants) were analyzed. PFMT\n                    provided a significant improvement in UI symptoms with a reduction in the\n                    frequency (n=3) and the amount of UI (n=5). PFM function was\n                    assessed in three studies, and two found improvement in maximal contraction and\n                    one in vaginal resting pressure in favor of PFMT. None of the two studies that\n                    assessed QoL found a difference after PFMT intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1939-4798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T23:15:02Z","timestamp":1662678902000},"page":"397-405","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Pelvic Floor Muscle Training In Women Practicing High-impact Sports:\n                    A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Fernanda Sayuri","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiotherapy, UDESC, Florianopolis, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliane Regina Mendoza","family":"Arbieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiotherapy, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis,\n                    Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thuane","family":"Da Roza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INEGI, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto,\n                    Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health and Sport Science, Santa\n                    Catarina State University (CEFID\/UDESC), Florian\u00f3polis,\n                    Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soraia Cristina Tonon da","family":"Luz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health and Sport Science, Santa\n                    Catarina State University (CEFID\/UDESC), Florian\u00f3polis,\n                    Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-009-0976-9","article-title":"An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)\/International\n              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floor? a narrative\n                    review","volume":"50","author":"K B\u00f8","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-018-3629-z","article-title":"Urinary incontinence in female athletes: a systematic review","volume":"29","author":"T R de Mattos Lourenco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2019.1585312","article-title":"The prevalence of urinary incontinence in nulliparous female sportswomen: A\n                    systematic review","volume":"37","author":"S Almousa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2018.1496146","article-title":"Prevalence of urinary incontinence in high-impact sports athletes and their\n                    association with knowledge, attitude and practice about this dysfunction","volume":"18","author":"AM B Cardoso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Sports Sci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin-2020-0008","article-title":"Prevalence of urinary incontinence in high-impact sport athletes: a systematic\n                    review and meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"T Pires","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hum Kinet"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-007-0508-4","article-title":"Urinary incontinence in very young and mostly nulliparous women with a history\n                    of regular organised high-impact trampoline training: occurrence and risk\n                    factors","volume":"19","author":"K Eliasson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000129","article-title":"Volume of training and the ranking level are associated with the leakage of\n                    urine in young female trampolinists","volume":"25","author":"T Da Roza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23538","article-title":"Prevalence and risk of sport types to stress urinary incontinence in\n                    sportswomen: A cross-sectional study","volume":"37","author":"M Hagovska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1605370","article-title":"Athletic Incontinence: Proposal of a New Term for a New Woman","volume":"39","author":"M P Araujo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200434070-00004","article-title":"Urinary incontinence, pelvic floor dysfunction, exercise and sport","volume":"34","author":"K B\u00f8","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340701417281","article-title":"Muscular fatigue in the pelvic floor muscles after strenuous physical\n                    activity","volume":"86","author":"M L Ree","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24658","article-title":"An International Continence Society (ICS) report on the terminology for pelvic\n                    floor muscle assessment","volume":"40","author":"H Frawley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.02.031","article-title":"The impact of acute and chronic strenuous exercise on pelvic floor muscle\n                    strength and support in nulliparous healthy women","volume":"215","author":"M L Middlekauff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-017-3538-6","article-title":"Influence of pelvic floor muscle fatigue on stress urinary incontinence: a\n                    systematic review","volume":"29","author":"R P Thomaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-011-0779-8","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle training in treatment of female stress urinary incontinence,\n                    pelvic organ prolapse and sexual dysfunction","volume":"30","author":"K B\u00f8","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"CD005654","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control\n                    treatments, for urinary incontinence in women","volume":"10","author":"C Dumoulin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S160057","article-title":"The impact of pelvic floor muscle training on the quality of life of women with\n                    urinary incontinence: a systematic literature review","volume":"13","author":"A Radzimi\u0144ska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-015-2628-6","article-title":"Adaptation and validation of the King\u2019s Health Questionnaire in\n                    Portuguese women with urinary incontinence","volume":"26","author":"R Viana","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-9514(14)60281-6","article-title":"Evidence for physiotherapy practice: A survey of the Physiotherapy Evidence\n                    Database (PEDro)","volume":"48","author":"A M Moseley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aust J Physiother"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-9514(09)70043-1","article-title":"The PEDro scale is a valid measure of the methodological quality of clinical\n                    trials: a demographic study","volume":"55","author":"N A de Morton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aust J Physiother"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2019.08.005","article-title":"Clinimetrics: physiotherapy evidence database (PEDro) scale","volume":"66","author":"A G Cashin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Physiother"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i4919","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","article-title":"ROBINS-I: A tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of\n                    interventions","volume":"355","author":"J A Sterne","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096651","article-title":"Consensus on exercise reporting template (CERT): explanation and elaboration\n                    statement","volume":"50","author":"S C Slade","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.60.05.010","article-title":"Reeducation of pelvic floor muscles in volleyball athletes","volume":"60","author":"S Ferreira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev Assoc Med Bras"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1073-7977","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle training in female athletes: a randomized controlled pilot\n                    study","volume":"41","author":"T F Pires","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/162.10.690","article-title":"Behavioral treatment of exercise-induced urinary incontinence among female\n                    soldiers","volume":"162","author":"R A Sherman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-012-1759-2","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle training to improve urinary incontinence in young,\n                    nulliparous sport students: A pilot study","volume":"23","author":"T Da Roza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"83","article-title":"Effects of a pelvic floor muscle training in nulliparous athletes with urinary\n                    incontinence: biomechanical models protocol. In: Tavares J, Natal Jorge R (Eds).\n                    Computational and Experimental Biomedical Sciences: Methods and Applications.\n                    Lecture Notes in Computational Vision and Biomechanics","author":"M Sousa","year":"2015","journal-title":"vol 21. Springer, Cham.;"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.21149","article-title":"Can hypopressive exercises provide additional benefits to pelvic floor muscle\n                    training in women with pelvic organ prolapse?","volume":"31","author":"A P Resende","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.10153","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle strength and response to pelvic floor muscle training for\n                    stress urinary incontinence","volume":"22","author":"K B\u00f8","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2021.105471","article-title":"Leg stiffness and muscle power vs manometer in sportswomen with symptoms of\n                    stress urinary incontinence","volume":"90","author":"T Pires","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.07.011","article-title":"The impact of physical activity measured by the International Physical Activity\n                    questionnaire on the prevalence of stress urinary incontinence in young\n                    women","volume":"228","author":"M Hagovska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-123045","article-title":"Prevalence of urinary incontinence in females performing high-impact\n                    exercises","volume":"38","author":"M Hagovska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2020.02.015","article-title":"Assessment of pelvic floor muscles in sportswomen: Quality of life and related\n                    factors","volume":"43","author":"T Pires","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.06.003","article-title":"Pelvic floor disorders stop women exercising: A survey of 4556 symptomatic\n                    women","volume":"24","author":"J G Dakic","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097587","article-title":"Performing high-level sport is strongly associated with urinary incontinence in\n                    elite athletes: a comparative study of 372 elite female athletes and 372\n                    controls","volume":"52","author":"A Carvalhais","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"166","article-title":"Association between physical activity and quality of life in adults. Rev","volume":"46","author":"Pucci GCMF","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4358","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16224358","article-title":"What pelvic floor muscle training load is optimal in minimizing urine loss in\n                    women with stress urinary incontinence? A systematic review and\n                    meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"E Garc\u00eda-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"The PRISMA group (2009) preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and\n                    meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-1939-4798.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T22:51:44Z","timestamp":1685746304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-1939-4798"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"06","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1939-4798","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0172-4622","1439-3964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0172-4622","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]]}}}