{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T22:05:51Z","timestamp":1783116351747,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trigger wrist, characterized by a clicking or snapping sensation around the wrist joint during finger or wrist motion, and bifid or trifid median nerve, which occurs in carpal tunnel syndrome along with anatomical variation of median nerve, are rare conditions. We report the case of a patient with a thickened tendon caused by severe tenosynovitis and flexor tendon subluxation to the hamate hook due to bowing of the flexor retinaculum, thereby resulting in trigger wrist as well as an anatomical median nerve variation (bifid median nerve in the right wrist and trifid median nerve in the left wrist). A 59-year-old housewife visited our hospital with bilateral fingertip numbness, tingling sensation, and aggravated severe night cramping that began 2 months ago. She also complained about trigger wrist during small finger flexion. Based on magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, and nerve conduction study, trifid median nerve and bilateral severe median nerve neuropathy of the wrist were diagnosed; therefore, transverse carpal tunnel release and exploration under wide-awake anesthesia were planned. Intraoperative findings showed trifid and bifid median nerves in left and right wrists, respectively. Additionally, bowing of flexor retinaculum and severe flexor tendon tenosynovitis were observed. Tenosynovitis with thickened flexor sheath resulted in subluxation of the small finger flexor tendon above the hamate hook. After transverse carpal ligament release with antebrachial fascia release and tenosynovectomy, subluxation of the flexor tendon was resolved. At 6 months postoperatively, the tingling and dullness in fingertips also resolved, and no trigger wrist or any other complications were noted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1947-2834","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T23:15:57Z","timestamp":1663629357000},"page":"750-754","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Trigger Wrist with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Accompanied with Trifid Median Nerve: A Case Report and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8739-908X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangho","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Saeson Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2015.10.030","article-title":"Multiple etiologies of trigger wrist","volume":"69","author":"I J Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JHSB.2006.10.016","article-title":"Trigger wrist","volume":"32","author":"D Giannikas","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(98)80106-X","article-title":"Trigger wrist and flexor tenosynovitis","volume":"23","author":"R D Smith","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(85)80248-3","article-title":"Trigger wrist: a case report","volume":"10","author":"R A Lemon","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2015.7.4.523","article-title":"Trigger wrist","volume":"7","author":"I J Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198062010-00022","article-title":"The flexor digitorum superficialis as a cause of bilateral carpal-tunnel syndrome and trigger wrist. A case report","volume":"62","author":"M K Aghasi","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref7","first-page":"685","article-title":"Coexistence of trifid and bifid median nerve in a patient with bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"23","author":"M Duymus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Turk Neurosurg"},{"issue":"102","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1329593","article-title":"Carpal tunnel cross-sectional area affected by soft tissues abutting the carpal bones","volume":"2","author":"J N Gabra","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Wrist Surg"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref9","first-page":"e5809","article-title":"Incidental trifid median nerve unveiled in a lactating mother","volume":"11","author":"M AB Siddiq","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1129","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000001129","article-title":"Median nerve trifurcation","volume":"4","author":"S Lonie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193411415937","article-title":"Trifid median nerve","volume":"36","author":"E Yalcin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.166535","article-title":"Co-occurrence of trifid and bifid median nerves in a patient with bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"63","author":"S M Rayegani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(77)80009-9","article-title":"Anatomical variations of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel","volume":"2","author":"U Lanz","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e67","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000001057","article-title":"Trifid median nerve: A rare variant in a patient with carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"98","author":"H Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(85)80038-3","article-title":"Trigger Wrist Caused by a Giant Cell Tumour of Tendon Sheath","volume":"10","author":"N Suematsu","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur"}],"container-title":["Archives of Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-1947-2834.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T06:15:33Z","timestamp":1670998533000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-1947-2834"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"06","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1947-2834","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-6163","2234-6171"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-6163","type":"print"},{"value":"2234-6171","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]]}}}