{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T06:48:59Z","timestamp":1774507739578,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Facial Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objectives\u2003As the face ages, cosmetic changes in the periorbital region including eyebrow ptosis, sagging in the lateral temporo-orbital region with superior eyelid hooding, ptosis of orbicularis oculi muscle associated with drooping of the malar area with multiple \u201ccrow feets\u201d, a deeper lid-cheek junction, and malar festoons also occur. All these periorbital structures should be considered as a single anatomical entity.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003Numerous techniques have been described to correct brow aesthetics in facial rejuvenation. We report the senior author's (M.P.) current approach utilizing a temporal subcutaneous brow lift (TSBL) associated with an orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM) elastic flap. Furthermore, a systematic review of the literature was performed comparing the different surgical approaches striving to clarify its terminology. A total of 298 patients underwent this procedure in 4 years period. Of these, 230 patients, with at least 12 months of follow-up, were submitted to subjective and objective methods to evaluate the self-perception of scar and their overall aesthetic satisfaction. A committee of experts, blinded to each other's assessment, evaluated the same outcomes. Total eyebrow's tail lift was measured and recorded for each patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003The most satisfying aspect of these techniques is the dramatic periorbital rejuvenation and preservation of the patient's original youthful identity. In fact, the postoperative results appear very natural and do not suffer from an \u201coperated\u201d look. This aspect is noticeable from both the surgeon's and the patient's perceptions. There were no major complications in any of the cases.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusions\u2003The proposed TSBL with OOM elastic flap technique, in the hands of senior author (M.P.) has emerged as a reliable, effective, and highly reproducible method to treat sagging and aging of the lateral region of the orbit, even without associated blepharoplasties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1953-2304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T23:20:02Z","timestamp":1664493602000},"page":"691-702","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Temporal Subcutaneous Brow Lift with Orbicularis Oculi Muscle Elastic Flap: Technical Considerations, Systematic Review, and Terminology Standardization"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Michele","family":"Pascali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic Surgery Academy, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7674-0134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olindo","family":"Massarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health and Sense Organs, Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Santa Maria Le Scotte, University Hospital of Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"04","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197804000-00007","article-title":"Festoons of orbicularis muscle as a cause of baggy eyelids","volume":"61","author":"D W Furnas","year":"1978","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref2","first-page":"1475","article-title":"Surgical anatomy of the ligamentous attachments in the temple and periorbital regions","volume":"105","author":"C J Moss","year":"2000","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00238-004-0689-8","article-title":"Cheekbone: dynamic and anti-aging structure of the midface?","volume":"27","author":"J Zufferey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e318207f2d0","article-title":"Malaris muscle, the lateral muscular band of orbicularis oculi muscle","volume":"22","author":"J T Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199206000-00009","article-title":"The SMAS and the nasolabial fold","volume":"89","author":"F E Barton Jr","year":"1992","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr 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blepharoplasty","volume":"8","author":"J R Burroughs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197604000-00006","article-title":"Forehead rhytidoplasty and brow lifting","volume":"57","author":"J C Vinas","year":"1976","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.182243","article-title":"Direct brow lifting: Specific indications for a simplified approach to eyebrow ptosis","volume":"49","author":"M Pascali","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1636928","article-title":"The trichophytic and lateral temporal lifts: application to the focal elevation of the aging lateral eyebrow","volume":"34","author":"F G Fedok","year":"2018","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1067\/maj.2003.43","article-title":"Lateral subcutaneous brow lift","volume":"23","author":"T A Miller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X10386929","article-title":"Subcutaneous temporal browlift under local anesthesia: a useful technique for periorbital rejuvenation","volume":"30","author":"R S Bidros","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2764","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002764","article-title":"Lateral temporal subcutaneous brow lift: clinical experience and systematic review of the literature","volume":"8","author":"I L Savetsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref16","first-page":"9","article-title":"Temporal lift with repositioning of the orbicular muscle and eyebrow tail","volume":"37","author":"T CT Cl\u00f3","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev Bras Cir Pl\u00e1st"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198002000-00014","article-title":"Orbicularis oculi muscle flaps: a technique to reduce crows feet and lateral canthal skin folds","volume":"65","author":"S J Aston","year":"1980","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199512000-00008","article-title":"Orbicularis muscleplasty and face lift: a better orbital contour","volume":"96","author":"A L Fogli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-009-9356-6","article-title":"Periorbital rejuvenation: a safe subcutaneous approach to forehead, eyebrow, and orbicularis oculis muscle mobilization","volume":"34","author":"J O Guerrissi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181b98b92","article-title":"An original application of the Endotine Ribbon device for brow lift","volume":"124","author":"M Pascali","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref21","first-page":"e337","article-title":"2014 SICPRE proceedings: meeting proceedings","volume":"3","author":"M Pascali","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1286118","article-title":"An aesthetically possible alternative approach for craniomaxillofacial trauma: the \u201cpretrichial incision\u201d","volume":"4","author":"O Massarelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.09.042","article-title":"A new aesthetic pretrichial approach for upper third-facial fractures and pathologies: the \u201cCrown incision\u201d","volume":"75","author":"O Massarelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e31817f9e90","article-title":"Anatomic study of the lateral palpebral raphe and lateral palpebral ligament","volume":"62","author":"K Hwang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-196610000-00010","article-title":"The frontal branch of the facial nerve: the importance of its variations in face lifting","volume":"38","author":"I Pitanguy","year":"1966","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2019.11.009","article-title":"Depth transitions of the frontal branch of the facial nerve: implications in SMAS rhytidectomy","volume":"26","author":"J Pankratz","year":"2020","journal-title":"JPRAS Open"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1067\/maj.2002.128628","article-title":"The \u201chigh SMAS\u201d face lift technique","volume":"22","author":"F E Barton Jr","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref28","first-page":"361","article-title":"Evaluation of influence of individual facial aesthetic subunits on the cognition offacial attractiveness in public","volume":"37","author":"H B Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Plast Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asj.2009.01.011","article-title":"The modified lateral brow 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Integral elimination","volume":"29","author":"M Gonzalez-Ulloa","year":"1962","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Transplant Bull"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)32196-9","article-title":"The coronal incision in rhytidectomy\u2014the brow lift","volume":"5","author":"F Ortiz-Monasterio","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sju116","article-title":"Lateral subcutaneous brow lift: updated technique","volume":"35","author":"U Mahmood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1053\/aq.1999.v19.100009001","article-title":"Endoscopic brow lift: objective results after 1 year","volume":"19","author":"R W Swift","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref35","first-page":"367","article-title":"Removal of facial soft tissue ptosis with special threads","volume":"28","author":"M A Sulamanidze","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-019-01486-3","article-title":"Gliding brow lift (GBL): a new concept","volume":"43","author":"F Viterbo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01570355","article-title":"The forehead lift: techniques to avoid complications and produce optimal results","volume":"13","author":"B F Connell","year":"1989","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asj.2005.12.006","article-title":"Enhancing upper lid aesthetics with the lateral subcutaneous brow lift","volume":"26","author":"R W Bernard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asj.2006.01.004","article-title":"Extended \u201cC\u201d myectomy of the lateral orbicularis oculi muscle-A safe and successful method for treatment of \u201ccrow's feet\u201d","volume":"26","author":"F Viterbo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-008-9206-y","article-title":"Definitive treatment for crow's feet wrinkles by total myectomy of the lateral orbicularis oculi","volume":"32","author":"F de Assis Montenegro Cido Carvalho","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref41","volume-title":"Plastic Surgery","author":"T Skoog","year":"1975"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-002-2023-9","article-title":"The extended brow lift: the toucan technique","volume":"26","author":"G Bosch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181b455b5","article-title":"Lateral orbicularis oculi muscle plasty in conjunction with face lifting for periorbital rejuvenation","volume":"124","author":"S W Cabbabe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref44","first-page":"557","article-title":"Rhytidectomy sector time\u2014incision intracapilar marginal and drift of the orbicularis blepharoplasty","volume":"28","author":"A R Bozola","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Bras Cir Pl\u00e1st"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asj.2006.10.002","article-title":"Managing postseptal fat in periorbital rejuvenation: anatomic intraorbital replacement using passive septal tightening","volume":"26","author":"T R Hester Jr","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref46","first-page":"1294","article-title":"Discussion. Lateral orbicularis oculi muscle plasty in conjunction with face lifting for periorbital rejuvenation","volume":"124","author":"T R Hester Jr","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)30971-8","article-title":"Extended sub-SMAS dissection and cheek elevation","volume":"22","author":"B C Mendelson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-017-1056-z","article-title":"The inclusion of orbicularis oculi muscle in the SMAS Flap in Asian facelift: anatomical consideration of orbicularis muscle and zygomaticus major muscle","volume":"42","author":"M H Ryu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-003-0168-0","article-title":"Anatomical study of the variations in innervation of the orbicularis oculi by the facial nerve","volume":"26","author":"D Ouattara","year":"2004","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-020-01783-2","article-title":"Evaluation of residual neuro-muscular integrity in the orbicularis oculi muscle after lower eyelid transcutaneous blepharoplasty according to Reidy Adamson-s flap","volume":"44","author":"A Innocenti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"}],"container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-1953-2304.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T15:56:29Z","timestamp":1730822189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-1953-2304"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"06","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1953-2304","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-6825","1098-8793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-6825","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-8793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]}}}