{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T01:32:33Z","timestamp":1777599153697,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horm Metab Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) has been suggested as a potential biomarker of preeclampsia. However, previous studies evaluating circulating GDF-15 in women with preeclampsia showed inconsistent results. A meta-analysis was performed accordingly in this study. Observational studies comparing circulating GDF-15 between women with preeclampsia normal pregnancy were identified by search of electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang, and CNKI. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used for assessing the quality of the studies. A randomized-effect model incorporating the possible between-study heterogeneity was used to pool the results. Eleven observational studies including 498 women with preeclampsia and 2349 women with normal pregnancy contributed to the meta-analysis. Results showed that compared to controls of women with normal pregnancy at least matched for gestational ages, women with preeclampsia had significantly higher circulating GDF-15 at the diagnosis [standard mean difference (SMD): 0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.16 to 1.17, p=0.01, I2=93%]. Subgroup analysis showed consistent results in women with preterm and term preeclampsia in Asian and non-Asian women and in studies with different quality scores, which were not statistically significant between subgroups (p for subgroup difference&gt;0.05). Moreover, a higher level of GDF-15 was also found before the diagnosis in women who subsequently developed preeclampsia than those who did not (SMD: 1.32, 95% CI: 0.45 to 2.18, p=0.003, I2=89%). In conclusion, a higher circulating GDF-15 is observed in women with preeclampsia even before the diagnosis of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1956-2961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T00:12:50Z","timestamp":1669075970000},"page":"114-123","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Circulating Growth Differentiation Factor 15 and Preeclampsia: A Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Lihong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baogang Hospital, Baotou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiuli","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baogang Hospital, Baotou, 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