{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:16:36Z","timestamp":1790036196015,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004484","name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1400310155306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1400310155306"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003968","name":"Iran National\n                        Sciences Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["96002757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["96002757"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Res (Stuttg)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background This study aimed to evaluate the potential neuroprotective\n                    effect of cyclosporine \u2013 a calcineurin inhibitor\u2013, ondansetron,\n                    and tropisetron-5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) 3 receptor (5-HT3R)\n                    antagonists\u2013, on optic nerve crush (ONC) injury in rats. Moreover,\n                    underlying signaling activities of their beneficial neuroprotective effects were\n                    studied.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods Adult male rats were treated with the intravitreal administration\n                    of cyclosporine (1.6\u2009mM), ondansetron (100\u2009nM), and tropisetron\n                    (100\u2009nM) immediately after the induction of ONC. Subsequently, on 7th\n                    day after surgery, the rats\u2019 retinas were extracted, and the expression\n                    of apoptotic regulators (Bax and Bcl-2) and calcineurin were studied by western\n                    blot analysis.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results The induction of ONC injury was associated to higher expression of\n                    Bax and calcineurin, while Bcl-2 expression was considerably decreased in these\n                    animals. Intravitreal treatment with cyclosporine (1.6\u2009mM), ondansetron\n                    (100\u2009nM), and tropisetron (100\u2009nM) significantly attenuated the\n                    increased expression of Bax and calcineurin. Moreover, the treatment with these\n                    agents resulted in an elevated expression of Bcl-2 in the retina.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion Our findings indicate that cyclosporine, ondansetron, and\n                    tropisetron protect against ONC injury in rats, possibly via the suppression of\n                    apoptosis and modulation of calcineurin activity directly and via 5-HT3\n                    receptors. Moreover, immunoblotting showed that tropisetron was more effective\n                    as opposed to ondansetron. Further studies are needed to evaluate the precise\n                    mechanism behind cyclosporine, ondansetron, and tropisetron activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1969-4600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T23:42:30Z","timestamp":1669333350000},"page":"88-94","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Possible Protective Effects of Ondansetron and Tropisetron on\n                    Optic Nerve Crush Injury in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Shayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical\n                    Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of\n                    Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faezeh","family":"Eslami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical\n                    Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of\n                    Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayda","family":"Khosravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical\n                    Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of\n                    Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Rashidian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical\n                    Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of\n                    Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Razie Mohammad","family":"Jafari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical\n                    Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of\n                    Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Farzad","family":"Maroufi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical\n                    Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of\n                    Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hasti Tashak","family":"Golroudbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical\n                    Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of\n                    Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8001-5565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad Reza","family":"Dehpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical\n                    Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of\n                    Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2011.11.002","article-title":"The molecular basis of retinal ganglion cell death in glaucoma","volume":"31","author":"M Almasieh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9394(00)00384-6","article-title":"Optic disk and retinal nerve fiber layer damage after transient central retinal\n                    artery occlusion: an experimental study in rhesus monkeys","volume":"129","author":"S S Hayreh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)02418-1","article-title":"Screening for differentially expressed genes in the rat inner retina and optic\n                    nerve 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