{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:21:37Z","timestamp":1789690897657,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Z Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) is a widely available and well-tolerated technique that can expand the diagnosis of a variety of vascular liver diseases. This paper presents an overview of the current possibilities of the use of CEUS in vascular liver diseases. Particularly where Doppler sonography has technical limitations, CEUS provides additional opportunities to visualize vascular thrombosis and other obstructions restricting blood flow. When CT or MRI contrast agents cannot be used because of severe allergy or renal insufficiency, CEUS can be a valuable diagnostic alternative and has demonstrated comparable diagnostic performance in at least some vascular liver diseases, such as portal vein thrombosis. In addition, CEUS works without radiation and, therefore, might be particularly suitable for young patients and children. This may be useful, for example, in congenital disorders such as persistent umbilical vein or preduodenal portal vein. Vascular liver disease is rare and comprehensive data are still lacking, but the available literature provides promising insights into potential new ways to study vascular liver disease. Although most studies are based on small sample sizes or even case reports, the high diagnostic utility is undisputed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1973-5731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T02:36:35Z","timestamp":1671158195000},"page":"1504-1517","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for vascular diseases of the liver \u2013 current indications and open questions"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Isabella","family":"Wiest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9775-3989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehsan","family":"Safai Zadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Infectiology, Interdisciplinary Center of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"G\u00f6rg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Infectiology, Interdisciplinary Center of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7953-8927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Teufel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Michels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Akut- und Notfallmedizin, St.-Antonius-Hospital gGmbH, Eschweiler, Deutschland, Eschweiler, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6015-6347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph F.","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allgemeine Innere Medizin (DAIM) Kliniken Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, Kliniken Hirslanden Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.14366\/usg.19022","article-title":"General principles and overview of vascular contrast-enhanced ultrasonography","volume":"39","author":"V Rafailidis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultrasonography"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-018-2331-3","article-title":"Vascular liver diseases on the clinical side: definitions and diagnosis, new concepts","volume":"473","author":"DC Valla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virchows Archiv: An International Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1325499","article-title":"Guidelines and Good Clinical Practice Recommendations for Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in the Liver \u2013 Update 2012","volume":"34","author":"M Claudon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ultraschall in der Medizin \u2013 European Journal of Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1177-0530","article-title":"Guidelines and Good Clinical Practice Recommendations for Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in the Liver \u2013 Update 2020 \u2013 WFUMB in Cooperation with EFSUMB, AFSUMB, AIUM, and FLAUS","volume":"41","author":"CF Dietrich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultraschall in der Medizin \u2013 European Journal of Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.04.030","article-title":"Guidelines and Good Clinical Practice Recommendations for Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in the Liver\u2013Update 2020 WFUMB in Cooperation with EFSUMB, AFSUMB, AIUM, and FLAUS","volume":"46","author":"CF Dietrich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S65","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-010-1537-7","article-title":"Imaging of perfusion using ultrasound","volume":"37","author":"D Cosgrove","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging"},{"issue":"S 08","key":"ref7","first-page":"P11","article-title":"Technology overview: SonoVue (Bracco, Milan)","volume":"14","author":"C Greis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1281676","article-title":"The EFSUMB Guidelines and Recommendations on the Clinical Practice of Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS): update 2011 on non-hepatic applications","volume":"33","author":"F Piscaglia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1159\/000447670","article-title":"Advantages and Limitations of Focal Liver Lesion Assessment with Ultrasound Contrast Agents: Comments on the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) Guidelines","volume":"25","author":"L Chiorean","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medical Principles and Practice: International Journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.164.6.7754882","article-title":"Blood flow characteristics of vessels in the ligamentum teres fissure at color Doppler sonography: findings in healthy volunteers and in patients with portal hypertension","volume":"164","author":"RH Wachsberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.159.5.1414804","article-title":"Color Doppler imaging of the hepatic vasculature","volume":"159","author":"EG Grant","year":"1992","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0647-1658","article-title":"Ultrasonography in Liver Vascular Disease","volume":"39","author":"A De Gottardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ultraschall in der Medizin (Stuttgart, Germany : 1980)"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-006-0002-y","article-title":"Retrospective study of 23 cases of hepatic infarction: CT findings and pathological correlations","volume":"111","author":"S Giovine","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2009.00898.x","article-title":"Clinical utility of microbubble contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of hepatic artery occlusion after liver transplantation","volume":"22","author":"AE Berstad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.22069","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of liver lesions related to arterial thrombosis in adult liver transplantation","volume":"41","author":"T Fontanilla","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3670","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.3670","article-title":"CEUS: a new imaging approach for postoperative vascular complications after right-lobe LDLT","volume":"15","author":"Y Luo","year":"2009","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2003.50098","article-title":"Hepatic artery thrombosis after adult liver transplantation","volume":"9","author":"BJ Stange","year":"2003","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11102257","article-title":"Hepatic arterial stenosis assessed with doppler US after liver transplantation: frequent false-positive diagnoses with tardus parvus waveform and value of adding optimal peak systolic velocity cutoff","volume":"260","author":"YS Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2018.0464","article-title":"Hepatic Artery Occlusion after Liver Transplantation in Patients with Doppler Ultrasound Abnormality: Increasing Sensitivity of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Diagnosis","volume":"20","author":"JS Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3377-5","article-title":"Impact of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the study of hepatic artery hypoperfusion shortly after liver transplantation: contribution to the diagnosis of artery steal syndrome","volume":"25","author":"A Garc\u00eda-Criado","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3670","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.3670","article-title":"CEUS: a new imaging approach for postoperative vascular complications after right-lobe LDLT","volume":"15","author":"Y Luo","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"407","article-title":"Identification of early complications following liver transplantation using contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). First results","volume":"21","author":"J Rennert","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Gastrointestin Liver Dis"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.22054","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the evaluation of hepatic artery stenosis after liver transplantation: potential role in changing the clinical algorithm","volume":"16","author":"RQ Zheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800781037","article-title":"Abdominal aortic aneurysm as an incidental finding in abdominal ultrasonography","volume":"78","author":"GJ Akkersdijk","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E71","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.333115036","article-title":"Abdominal and Pelvic Aneurysms and Pseudoaneurysms: Imaging Review with Clinical, Radiologic, and Treatment Correlation","volume":"33","author":"RA Jesinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1024\/0301-1526\/a000749","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the abdominal aorta \u2013 current status and future perspectives","volume":"48","author":"X Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vasa"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1282012","article-title":"CEUS as a tool to uncover an unusual cause of obstructive jaundice","volume":"50","author":"F B\u00e4r","year":"2012","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i4.1617","article-title":"Vascular complications after adult living donor liver transplantation: Evaluation with ultrasonography","volume":"22","author":"L Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0750-6016","article-title":"Management of Visceral Artery Aneurysms with Preservation of Organ Perfusion: More Than Twenty Years Experience","volume":"143","author":"K Pfister","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.02.024","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the management of visceral artery aneurysms","volume":"70","author":"P Barrionuevo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s40477-014-0063-z","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided trans-hepatic embolization of a renal artery pseudoaneurysm in a patient with acquired solitary kidney and with chronic renal failure secondary to phenacetin abuse","volume":"17","author":"E Ferramosca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jus.2007.02.007","article-title":"Thrombosis of the portal venous system","volume":"10","author":"D Sacerdoti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9457","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i32.9457","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in differentiating malignant from benign portal vein thrombosis in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"21","author":"L Tarantino","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"46","article-title":"Vascular liver disorders (II): portal vein thrombosis","volume":"67","author":"J Hoekstra","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Netherlands Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i2.143","article-title":"Portal vein thrombosis: insight into physiopathology, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"16","author":"FR Ponziani","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9457","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i32.9457","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in differentiating malignant from benign portal vein thrombosis in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"21","author":"L Tarantino","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-013-0034-4","article-title":"Differentiating malignant from benign thrombosis in hepatocellular carcinoma: contrast-enhanced ultrasound","volume":"39","author":"SA Raza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Abdom Imaging"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.164.5.7717218","article-title":"Portal vein thrombosis after percutaneous ethanol injection for hepatocellular carcinoma: value of color Doppler sonography in distinguishing chemical and tumor thrombi","volume":"164","author":"R Lencioni","year":"1995","journal-title":"AJR American Journal of Roentgenology"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-005-0150-x","article-title":"Diagnosis of benign and malignant portal vein thrombosis in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: color Doppler US, contrast-enhanced US, and fine-needle biopsy","volume":"31","author":"L Tarantino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Abdom Imaging"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2871","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06649-z","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the characterization of portal vein thrombosis vs tumor-in-vein in HCC patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"J Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.04.1218","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced versus conventional and color Doppler sonography for the detection of thrombosis of the portal and hepatic venous systems","volume":"186","author":"S Rossi","year":"2006","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.11152\/mu.2013.2066.182.pvt","article-title":"Portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis \u2013 the added value of contrast enhanced ultrasonography","volume":"18","author":"M Danila","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Ultrason"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.09.009","article-title":"Characterization of Malignant Portal Vein Thrombosis with Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography","volume":"45","author":"MC Chammas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/38506","article-title":"Portal Vein Thrombosis with Cavernous Transformation in Myeloproliferative Disorders: Review Update","author":"A Rosu","year":"2012","journal-title":"In: Portal Hypertension \u2013 Causes and Complications. InTech"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2002.21.2.187","article-title":"Nontumorous vascular malformations in the liver: color Doppler ultrasonographic findings","volume":"21","author":"G Bodner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine: Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s40477-018-0288-3","article-title":"Detection of cavernous transformation of the portal vein by contrast-enhanced ultrasound","volume":"21","author":"M Hwang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.5115\/acb.2014.47.3.210","article-title":"Absent portal vein bifurcation: a rare variant and its clinical significance","volume":"47","author":"RK Sahoo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anatomy & Cell Biology"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1038647","article-title":"Preduodenal portal vein and malrotation: what causes the obstruction?","volume":"18","author":"M Kouwenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"European Journal of Pediatric Surgery: Official Journal of the Austrian Association of Pediatric Surgery  [et al] = Zeitschrift fur Kinderchirurgie"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-016-1165-3","article-title":"Prepancreatic postduodenal portal vein: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"11","author":"N Goussous","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Case Reports"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(90)90528-h","article-title":"Preduodenal portal vein: surgery and radiographic appearance","volume":"25","author":"ET Fernandes","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Surgery"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20150326","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20150326","article-title":"Portal vein variations in 1000 patients: surgical and radiological importance","volume":"88","author":"B Sureka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.15.14.08079","article-title":"Contrast-Enhanced Sonography for Diagnosing Collateral Transformation of the Hepatic Artery After Liver Transplantation","volume":"34","author":"SQ Lyu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-006-9068-1","article-title":"Intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunts: Color Doppler sonography","volume":"32","author":"AM De Gaetano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Abdominal Imaging"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2019.10.011","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced ultrasound at high mechanical index: a new method for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt follow-up","volume":"75","author":"X Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-011-9763-4","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced ultrasound: a new method for TIPS follow-up","volume":"37","author":"C Micol","year":"2012","journal-title":"Abdom Imaging"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20682","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77801-9","article-title":"Alteration of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)","volume":"10","author":"J Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2019180146","article-title":"Vascular Anomalies of the Pediatric Liver","volume":"39","author":"BK Albers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiographics: A Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.572","article-title":"Congenital absence of the portal vein: translated version","volume":"25","author":"Y Sanada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12699","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is a feasible technique for quantifying hepatic microvascular perfusion in dogs with extrahepatic congenital portosystemic shunts","volume":"60","author":"M Tamura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20682","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77801-9","article-title":"Alteration of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)","volume":"10","author":"J Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0215178","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215178","article-title":"Identification of two distinct hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia patient subsets with different hepatic perfusion properties by combination of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with perfusion imaging quantification","volume":"14","author":"RC Schelker","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.12.008","article-title":"Liver involvement in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)","volume":"46","author":"G Garcia-Tsao","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50197","article-title":"Sonographic criteria for the diagnosis of hepatic involvement in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)","volume":"37","author":"M Caselitz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i3.486","article-title":"Macro- and microcirculation patterns of intrahepatic blood flow changes in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia","volume":"23","author":"RC Schelker","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1273371","article-title":"Iron deficiency anaemia over the last decades \u2013 Osler's disease diagnosed by Doppler and contrast-enhanced ultrasound","volume":"51","author":"H Neye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2015.52","article-title":"Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome\/veno-occlusive disease: current situation and perspectives-a position statement from the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT)","volume":"50","author":"M Mohty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplantation"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2019.02.018","article-title":"Risk Factors for Development of and Progression of Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease\/Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome","volume":"25","author":"S Corbacioglu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation: Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.06.002","article-title":"New Ultrasound Techniques Challenge the Diagnosis of Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome","volume":"44","author":"CF Dietrich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.03.001","article-title":"Pathologic Hepatic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Pattern in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation","volume":"46","author":"C Trenker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2011.30.11.1593","article-title":"Acoustic radiation force impulse elastography and contrast-enhanced sonography of sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (Veno-occlusive Disease): preliminary results","volume":"30","author":"T Fontanilla","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e129","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/17975057","article-title":"Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver: coral atoll-like lesions on ultrasound are characteristic in predisposed patients","volume":"84","author":"E Caturelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i11.1400","article-title":"Nodular regenerative hyperplasia: evolving concepts on underdiagnosed cause of portal hypertension","volume":"17","author":"M Hartleb","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1355907","article-title":"Unusual Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia Mimicking Liver Metastases in CEUS","volume":"35","author":"M H\u00f6pfner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.52.8848","article-title":"Portal biliopathy diagnosed using color Doppler and contrast-enhanced ultrasound","volume":"52","author":"H Nunoi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan)"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13188","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i46.13188","article-title":"Peliosis hepatis: Personal experience and literature review","volume":"21","author":"D Crocetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v10.i5.417","article-title":"Isolated hepatic non-obstructive sinusoidal dilatation, 20-year single center experience","volume":"10","author":"DB Sunjaya","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27747","article-title":"The significance of nonobstructive sinusoidal dilatation of the liver: Impaired portal perfusion or inflammatory reaction syndrome","volume":"62","author":"C Marzano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.14366\/usg.20162","article-title":"Ultrasound findings in peliosis hepatis","volume":"40","author":"Y Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrasonography"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-200539","article-title":"Peliosis hepatis: a complicating finding in a case of biliary colic","volume":"2013","author":"L Gr\u00f8nlykke","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1007\/s00108-012-3075-9","article-title":"A 38-year-old patient with gastroenteritis and unusual liver lesions","volume":"53","author":"E Heinrich","year":"2012","journal-title":"Der Internist"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8541","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i28.8541","article-title":"Benign liver tumors in pediatric patients \u2013 Review with emphasis on imaging features","volume":"21","author":"L Chiorean","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2013.01.019","article-title":"New insights into uteroplacental perfusion: quantitative analysis using Doppler and contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging","volume":"34","author":"CJ Arthuis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20180441","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20180441","article-title":"Budd-Chiari syndrome: imaging review","volume":"91","author":"V Bansal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2016.01.006","article-title":"Budd-Chiari syndrome: an update on imaging features","volume":"40","author":"SA Faraoun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinical Imaging"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.171.2.9694471","article-title":"Hepatic and portal vein flow pattern in correlation with intrahepatic fat deposition and liver histology in patients with chronic hepatitis C","volume":"171","author":"CF Dietrich","year":"1998","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref86","first-page":"3273","article-title":"Budd-Chiari syndrome: current perspectives and controversies","volume":"20","author":"L Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2020.07.004","article-title":"Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound is a Useful Adjunct to Doppler Ultrasound in the Initial Assessment of Patients Suspected of Budd Chiari Syndrome","author":"P Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Probl Diagn Radiol"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-020-04753-7","article-title":"Ultrasonography in pediatric Budd-Chiari syndrome","volume":"50","author":"KS Madhusudhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatric Radiology"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685486","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/685486","article-title":"Multiple FNH-Like Lesions in a Patient with Chronic Budd-Chiari Syndrome: Gd-EOB-Enhanced MRI and BR1 CEUS Findings","volume":"2012","author":"C Newerla","year":"2012","journal-title":"Case Rep Radiol"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2012.01.023","article-title":"Comparison of imaging characteristics between hepatic benign regenerative nodules and hepatocellular carcinomas associated with Budd-Chiari syndrome by contrast enhanced ultrasound","volume":"81","author":"R Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2009.28.7.955","article-title":"Diagnosis of active hemorrhage from the liver with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography after percutaneous transhepatic angioplasty and stent placement for Budd-Chiari syndrome","volume":"28","author":"HP Song","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine: Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.11152\/mu-1736","article-title":"Reasons for inadequate or incomplete imaging techniques","volume":"20","author":"C Caraiani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Ultrason"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.11152\/mu-2145","article-title":"Contraindications and adverse effects in abdominal imaging","volume":"21","author":"C Caraiani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Ultrason"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-110394","article-title":"Role of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in Paediatric Practice: An EFSUMB Position Statement","volume":"38","author":"PS Sidhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1345-3626","article-title":"European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB): An Update on the Pediatric CEUS Registry on Behalf of the \u201cEFSUMB Pediatric CEUS Registry Working Group\u201d","author":"CF Dietrich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"}],"container-title":["Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Gastroenterologie"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-1973-5731.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]],"date-time":"2023-11-10T00:25:08Z","timestamp":1699575908000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-1973-5731"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1973-5731","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0044-2771","1439-7803"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0044-2771","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-7803","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]]}}}