{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T16:25:18Z","timestamp":1759940718635},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Aims Glucose and insulin metabolism are altered in hemodialysis patients,\n                    and diabetes management is difficult in these patients. We aimed to validate\n                    flash glucose monitoring (FGM) in hemodialysis patients with and without\n                    diabetes mellitus as an attractive option for glucose monitoring not requiring\n                    regular self-punctures.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods We measured interstitial glucose using a FreeStyle Libre device in\n                    eight hemodialysis patients with and seven without diabetes mellitus over 14\n                    days and compared the results to simultaneously performed self-monitoring of\n                    capillary blood glucose (SMBG).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results In 720 paired measurements, mean flash glucose values were\n                    significantly lower than self-measured capillary values (6.17\u00b12.52 vs.\n                    7.15\u00b12.41\u2009mmol\/L, p=1.3 E-86). Overall, the mean\n                    absolute relative difference was 17.4%, and the mean absolute difference\n                    was 1.20\u2009mmol\/L. The systematic error was significantly larger\n                    in patients without vs. with diabetes (\u2212\u20091.17 vs.\n                    \u2212\u20090.82\u2009mmol\/L) and on dialysis vs. interdialytic\n                    days (\u22121.09 vs. \u22120.90\u2009mmol\/L). Compared to\n                    venous blood glucose (72 paired measurements), the systematic error of FGM was\n                    even larger (5.89\u00b12.44\u2009mmol\/L vs.\n                    7.78\u00b17.25\u2009mmol\/L, p=3.74E-22). Several\n                    strategies to reduce the systematic error were evaluated, including the addition\n                    of +1.0\u2009mmol\/L as a correction term to all FGM values,\n                    which significantly improved accuracy.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusions FGM systematically underestimates blood glucose in\n                    hemodialysis patients but, taking this systematic error into account, the system\n                    may be useful for glucose monitoring in hemodialysis patients with or without\n                    diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1978-0226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T05:54:36Z","timestamp":1668491676000},"page":"132-141","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Accuracy of Flash Glucose Monitoring in Hemodialysis Patients With\n                    and Without Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Mich\u00e8le R.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Frauenfeld, Frauenfeld,\n                    Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Diebold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, University\n                    Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Wiesli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Frauenfeld, Frauenfeld,\n                    Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas D.","family":"Kistler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Frauenfeld, Frauenfeld,\n                    Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2017.10.011","article-title":"The global epidemiology of diabetes and kidney disease","volume":"25","author":"D N Koye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4949","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019-00286","article-title":"Disturbances in insulin \u2013glucose metabolism in patients with advanced\n                    renal disease with and without diabetes","volume":"104","author":"M-N Rahhal","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2010.06.001","article-title":"Continuous interstitial glucose monitoring in non-diabetic subjects with\n                    end-stage renal disease undergoing maintenance haemodialysis","volume":"90","author":"E Sobngwi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001092","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2019-001092","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of flash glucose monitoring in patients with type 1 and type\n                    2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"M Castellana","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2014.0378","article-title":"The performance and usability of a factory-calibrated flash glucose monitoring\n                    system","volume":"17","author":"T Bailey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-016-0223-6","article-title":"Flash glucose-sensing technology as a replacement for blood glucose monitoring\n          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monitoring in dialysis patients with\n                    diabetes: The DIALYDIAB pilot study","volume":"107","author":"M Joubert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12978","article-title":"Efficacy of self-monitoring of blood glucose versus retrospective continuous\n                    glucose monitoring in improving glycaemic control in diabetic kidney disease\n                    patients","volume":"23","author":"E Yeoh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nephrology"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2866","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp181","article-title":"Glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic patients on chronic haemodialysis: Use of a\n                    continuous glucose monitoring system","volume":"24","author":"J-P Riveline","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2017.08.005","article-title":"Continuous glucose monitoring: A review of the technology and clinical use","volume":"133","author":"D C Klonoff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1177\/193229680800200223","article-title":"Clinical overview of continuous glucose monitoring","volume":"2","author":"B. Buckingham","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2019.07.003","article-title":"Continuous glucose monitoring: Review of an innovation in diabetes\n                    management","volume":"358","author":"Z Mian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfv258","article-title":"Evaluation and management of diabetic and non-diabetic hypoglycemia in end-stage\n                    renal disease","volume":"31","author":"A R Gosmanov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.12468","article-title":"Postdialysis fatigue: A frequent and debilitating symptom","volume":"29","author":"M Bossola","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Dial"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"126","article-title":"Improvement in disequilibrium symptoms during dialysis with low glucose\n                    dialyzate","volume":"18","author":"S F Raju","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1159\/000181734","article-title":"Glucose-enriched dialysate and tolerance to maintenance hemodialysis","volume":"24","author":"M Leski","year":"1979","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"769","article-title":"Trial in patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"5","author":"B Feldman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296814539589","article-title":"The surveillance error grid","volume":"8","author":"D C Klonoff","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-25913-0_2","author":"G Freckmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"In Accuracy of BG Meters and CGM Systems: Possible Influence Factors\n                    for the Glucose Prediction Based on Tissue Glucose\n                    Concentrations"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000320","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2016-000320","article-title":"Performance of the FreeStyle Libre Flash glucose monitoring system in patients\n                    with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"5","author":"M J Fokkert","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2016.0392","article-title":"A clinical trial of the accuracy and treatment experience of the flash glucose\n                    monitor FreeStyle Libre in adults with type 1 diabetes","volume":"19","author":"A F \u00d3lafsd\u00f3ttir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2018.0105","article-title":"Measurement Performance of Two Continuous Tissue Glucose Monitoring Systems\n                    Intended for Replacement of Blood Glucose MonitoringParts of the data have\n                    previously been presented at the 77th Scientific Sessions of the American\n                    Diabetes Association in San Di","volume":"20","author":"G Freckmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3390\/s17010182","article-title":"Current and emerging technology for continuous glucose monitoring","volume":"17","author":"C Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12907","article-title":"Evaluation of subcutaneous glucose monitoring systems under routine\n                    environmental conditions in patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"19","author":"F Aberer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes, Obes Metab"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2730","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-2073","article-title":"Comparison of the FreeStyle Libre pro flash continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)\n                    system and point-of-care capillary glucose testing in hospitalized patients with\n                    type 2 diabetes treated with basal-bolus insulin regimen","volume":"43","author":"R J Galindo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_520_18","article-title":"Flash glucose monitoring in subjects with diabetes on hemodialysis: A pilot\n                    study","volume":"22","author":"R Javherani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13286","article-title":"Critical discrepancy in blood glucose control levels evaluated by glycated\n                    albumin and estimated hemoglobin A1c levels determined from a flash continuous\n                    glucose monitoring system in patients with type 2 diabetes on hemodialysis","volume":"11","author":"E Ushigome","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1159\/000513162","article-title":"Analysis of glycemic improvement in hemodialysis patients based on time in\n                    range, assessed by flash glucose monitoring","volume":"50","author":"K Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Purif"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2020.107680","article-title":"Comparison of accuracy between flash glucose monitoring and continuous glucose\n                    monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing\n                    hemodialysis","volume":"34","author":"K Matoba","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296819882690","article-title":"Comparison of interstitial fluid glucose levels obtained by continuous glucose\n                    monitoring and flash glucose monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes\n                    mellitus undergoing hemodialysis","volume":"14","author":"T Yajima","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296820975057","article-title":"Accuracy of flash glucose monitoring in patients with diabetes mellitus on\n                    hemodialysis and its relationship with hydration status","volume":"15","author":"I Genua","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-016-0495-8","article-title":"Head-to-head comparison between flash and continuous glucose monitoring systems\n                    in outpatients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"39","author":"B Bonora","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2016.05.002","article-title":"A practical and evidence-based approach to management of inpatient diabetes in\n                    non-critically ill patients and special clinical populations","volume":"5","author":"AR. Gosmanov","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-1978-0226.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T01:11:10Z","timestamp":1678410670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-1978-0226"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1978-0226","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0947-7349","1439-3646"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0947-7349","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3646","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]}}}