{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T05:11:47Z","timestamp":1738905107708,"version":"3.37.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Academy of Audiology","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["j am acad audiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract<\/jats:bold>  <jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>\u2003There is an increasing need to evaluate the quality of life of individuals who are hearing impaired. However, most of the generic \u201cquality of life\u201d questionnaires do not include communication-related questions. Recently, a new\n \u201cMeaning of Life\u201d (MOL) questionnaire was developed to measure quality of life based on everyday issues, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of tinnitus patients and cochlear implant users. A Mandarin Chinese version of this questionnaire for the Mandarin-speaking population is\n needed. Many of the existing Mandarin Chinese questionnaires currently in use are not effectively assessing hearing-related conditions. <jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>\u2003We aimed to translate and validate the MOL questionnaire into Mandarin Chinese to make it applicable as a tool for measuring quality\n of life in patients with hearing loss or tinnitus. <jats:bold>Research Design<\/jats:bold>\u2003For this study, the original version of the MOL questionnaire was translated into the Mandarin Chinese language. A prospective cohort study was then performed on adults with hearing loss or tinnitus to preliminarily\n examine the reliability and validity of the Mandarin Chinese version. <jats:bold>Study Sample<\/jats:bold>\u2003A total of 206 Mandarin-speaking subjects with hearing loss or tinnitus were included in the study and divided into three groups according to their chief complaints: group B included patients\n suffering from both hearing loss and tinnitus (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009113), group T contained patients with tinnitus alone (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200949), and group H was composed of patients with hearing loss alone (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200944). <jats:bold>Data Collection and Analysis<\/jats:bold>\u2003The\n Mandarin version of the MOL (C-MOL) was administered to the participants. The reliability of the C-MOL was evaluated using Cronbach's \u03b1 and item total correlation coefficients. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to examine the relationships among the questions. Correlations between\n the patient characteristics and total scores were tested. <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2003The Cronbach's \u03b1 coefficient of C-MOL was 0.921. Four factors were identified by exploratory factor analysis: (1) mental state and positive outlook; (2) friendship; (3) physical health; and (4) hearing\n and negative experience. The total scores of groups B, T, and H were 76.4 (standard deviation [SD]\u2009=\u200913.5), 81.3 (SD\u2009=\u200910.6), and 82.4 (SD\u2009=\u200912.5), respectively. The total score was correlated with the affected ears (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.179,\n <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), age (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.179, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), hearing of the better ear (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.188, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), and educational background (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.181, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01).\n <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\u2003The Mandarin Chinese version of the MOL questionnaire showed good reliability. It can be used to quantify the quality of life of patients with hearing loss or tinnitus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1996-1227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,10]],"date-time":"2022-12-10T23:31:37Z","timestamp":1670715097000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Validation of the Mandarin Chinese Translation of the \u201cMeaning of Life\u201d in Patients with Hearing Loss or Tinnitus"],"prefix":"10.3766","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Yufei","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Tyler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2087","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence 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