{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:38:29Z","timestamp":1791578309664,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007051","name":"Uppsala Universitet","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objectives TSH-receptor antibodies (TRAb) targeting the TSH receptor\n                    (TSH-R) induce hyperthyroidism in Graves\u00b4 disease (GD). Graves\u00b4\n                    orbitopathy (GO) is influenced by stimulation of the TSH-R in the orbita. GO has\n                    been, among other factors, linked to high TRAb levels. Thyroid stimulating\n                    immunoglobulins (TSI) is a relatively new method for assessing TSH-receptor\n                    antibodies. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TSI in the\n                    management of GO.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods Patients with newly diagnosed GD (n=30, median age 55\n                    years (range 35\u201372), 29 women) received pharmacological therapy\n                    (methimazole+++thyroxine) for up to 24 months. GO was\n                    identified by clinical signs and symptoms. Eleven patients had GO at diagnosis,\n                    and another six developed GO during treatment. Blood samples for TSI and other\n                    thyroidal biomarkers were obtained at baseline and on five occasions during the\n                    24-month follow-up. Twenty-two subjects completed the drug regimen without\n                    surgery or radioiodine treatment.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results At baseline, TSI was highly correlated with TRAb\n                            (r\n          \n            s\n          =0.64, p&lt;0.001), and both\n                    assays similarly correlated to fT3 values. TSI and TRAb did not differ\n                    significantly between GO and non-GO patients for visit v1 (n=30, 17 GO\n                    during the whole study) or at follow-up (n=22, 12 GO during the whole\n                    study). During follow-up, levels of TSI and TRAb decreased and normalized in\n                    both groups.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion The present study does not support any added benefit of TSI\n                    compared to TRAb for the prediction and management of GO.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2021-0596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]],"date-time":"2023-01-28T00:02:06Z","timestamp":1674864126000},"page":"236-241","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Comparison Between Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulin and\n                    TSH-Receptor Antibodies in the Management of Graves\u2019\n                    Orbitopathy"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Selwan","family":"Khamisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Uppsala University Hospital,\n                    Uppsala, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala,\n                    Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Lundqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Uppsala University Hospital,\n                    Uppsala, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala,\n                    Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Britt Ed\u00e9n","family":"Engstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Uppsala University Hospital,\n                    Uppsala, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala,\n                    Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Larsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala,\n                    Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F Anders","family":"Karlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Uppsala University Hospital,\n                    Uppsala, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala,\n                    Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6sten","family":"Ljunggren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Uppsala University Hospital,\n                    Uppsala, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala,\n                    Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2012.10","article-title":"Autoimmunity and Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"91","author":"R S Bahn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-42-2-341","article-title":"Human thyroid adenyl cyclase-stimulating activity in immunoglobulin G of\n                    patients with Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"42","author":"J Orgiazzi","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/s0889-8529(05)70299-1","article-title":"The pathogenesis of Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"27","author":"B McIver","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.4158\/EP-2019-0363","article-title":"TSH receptor antibodies: Relevance & utility","volume":"26","author":"G J Kahaly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.2741\/4687","article-title":"Functional diagnostics for thyrotropin hormone receptor autoantibodies:\n                    Bioassays prevail over binding assays","volume":"23","author":"S D Lytton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2010.03831.x","article-title":"Monoclonal autoantibodies to the TSH receptor, one with stimulating activity and\n                    one with blocking activity, obtained from the same blood sample","volume":"73","author":"M Evans","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1089\/105072502761016476","article-title":"Epidemiology and prevention of Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy","volume":"12","author":"W M Wiersinga","year":"2002","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"132","article-title":"Importance of TSH receptor activation in the development of severe endocrine\n                    ophthalmopathy","volume":"121","author":"F A Karlsson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0905750","article-title":"Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy","volume":"362","author":"R S Bahn","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2017.1288215","article-title":"TSHR as a therapeutic target in Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"21","author":"T J Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Targets"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3464","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2813","article-title":"Thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies are independent risk factors for\n                    Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy and help to predict severity and outcome of the\n                    disease","volume":"91","author":"A K Eckstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702603","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and thyroid eye disease: A systematic review","volume":"21","author":"J Thornton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1999.9.1175","article-title":"The combination of absent thyroid peroxidase antibodies and high\n                    thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin levels in Graves\u2019 disease identifies\n                    a group at markedly increased risk of ophthalmopathy","volume":"9","author":"D H Khoo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02033.x","article-title":"Thyroid autoantibody profiles in ophthalmic dominant and thyroid dominant\n                    Graves\u2019 disease differ and suggest ophthalmopathy is a multiantigenic\n                    disease","volume":"60","author":"S Y Goh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"50","article-title":"Levels of thyroid autoantibodies in patients with Graves\u2019 disease and\n                    Graves\u2019 ophtalmopathy Graves Hastal\u203a\u00a4\u203anda ve\n                    Graves Oftalmopatisinde Tiroid Otoantikor D\u00fczeyleri","volume":"14","author":"M A Boyanov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Turk Jem"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1363193","article-title":"Increased TRAb and\/or low anti-TPO titers at diagnosis of\n                    graves\u2019 disease are associated with an increased risk of developing\n                    ophthalmopathy after onset","volume":"122","author":"M Lantz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.2478\/amb-2019-0011","article-title":"Clinical, hormonal, and ultrasound characteristics of patients with newly\n                    diagnosed Graves\u2019 disease and different thyroid antibody profiles","volume":"46","author":"R V Mekova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Medica Bulgarica"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-07-0450","article-title":"TSH-receptor autoimmunity in Graves\u2019 disease after therapy with\n                    anti-thyroid drugs, surgery, or radioiodine: A 5-year prospective randomized\n                    study","volume":"158","author":"P Laurberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1510030","article-title":"Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"375","author":"T J Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2013.193","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of Graves disease: A global overview","volume":"9","author":"L Bartalena","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1373-5523","article-title":"Predicting the relapse of hyperthyroidism in treated Graves\u2019 disease\n                    with orbitopathy by serial measurements of TSH-receptor autoantibodies","volume":"53","author":"M Stohr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1554662","article-title":"Bridge technology with TSH receptor chimera for sensitive direct detection of\n                    TSH receptor antibodies causing Graves\u2019 disease: Analytical and clinical\n                    evaluation","volume":"47","author":"C U Frank","year":"2015","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2016-0197","article-title":"Evaluation of the first fully automated immunoassay method for the measurement\n                    of stimulating TSH receptor autoantibodies in Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"55","author":"R Tozzoli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23950","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.23950","article-title":"Evaluation of analytic and clinical performance of two immunoassays for\n                    detecting thyroid-stimulating receptor antibody in the diagnosis of\n                    Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"35","author":"Y 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Invest"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G43","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-21-0479","article-title":"The 2021 European Group on Graves\u2019 orbitopathy (EUGOGO) clinical\n                    practice guidelines for the medical management of Graves\u2019\n                    orbitopathy","volume":"185","author":"L Bartalena","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1080","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2897","article-title":"A TSHR-LH\/CGR chimera that measures functional thyroid-stimulating\n                    autoantibodies (TSAb) can predict remission or recurrence in Graves\u2019\n                    patients undergoing antithyroid drug (ATD) treatment","volume":"97","author":"C Giuliani","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03345269","article-title":"TSH receptor expression in orbital tissue and its role in the pathogenesis of\n                    Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy","volume":"27","author":"R S Bahn","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1159\/000371740","article-title":"Rapid bioassay for detection of thyroid-stimulating antibodies using cyclic\n                    adenosine monophosphate-gated calcium channel and aequorin","volume":"4","author":"N Araki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.23736\/S1824-4785.21.03344-6","article-title":"The role of laboratory medicine in the diagnosis of the hyperthyroidism","volume":"65","author":"F D\u2019Aurizio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.21037\/jlpm.2018.03.05","article-title":"The increasing clinical relevance of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor\n                    autoantibodies and the concurrent evolution of assay methods in autoimmune\n                    hyperthyroidism","volume":"3","author":"R Tozzoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Lab Precis Med"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-021-02052-0","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of Immulite(R) TSI immunoassay for thyroid-associated\n                    orbitopathy in patients with recently diagnosed Graves\u2019\n                    hyperthyroidism","volume":"42","author":"B Thia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2018.80224","article-title":"Clinical utility of TSH receptor antibody levels in Graves\u2019 orbitopathy:\n                    A comparison of two TSH receptor antibody immunoassays","volume":"43","author":"G A Bluszcz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cent Eur J Immunol"}],"container-title":["Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2021-0596.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T23:33:19Z","timestamp":1681428799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2021-0596"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2021-0596","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0947-7349","1439-3646"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0947-7349","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3646","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]]}}}