{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T18:54:39Z","timestamp":1732042479672,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"10","funder":[{"name":"St. Christopher's Foundation to S.B."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Objective\u2003The significance of the presence of microorganisms and polymorphonuclear cells in the tracheal aspirates (TAs) of ventilated preterm infants is not well known. Our aim was to correlate information about the presence of polymorphonuclear cells with microbial growth and the cytokine milieu in the TAs of infants who have been intubated for &gt;7 days.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Study Design\u2003TAs were collected from infants who had been intubated for 7 days or longer. Respiratory cultures were performed, and infants were stratified based on the presence and abundance of polymorphonuclear cells and microbial growth. Cytokines were measured in the TAs of each of the respective groups.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results\u2003In the 19 infants whose TAs were collected, the presence of at least moderate WBC with presence of microbial growth was positively associated with the presence of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-1\u03b2, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1. The presence of at least moderate WBC, with or without microbial growth, was correlated positively with the presence of IL-8 and TNF-\u03b1.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusion\u2003There are higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines (especially, IL-10, IL-1\u03b2, and TNF-\u03b1) in TAs with higher cell counts and presence of microbial growth. The findings suggest that the presence of microbial growth correlated with inflammatory burden and warrant a larger study to see if treatment of microbial growth can ameliorate the inflammatory burden.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Key Points\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2033-5536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,11]],"date-time":"2023-02-11T23:31:07Z","timestamp":1676158267000},"page":"1388-1395","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Correlation of Polymorphonuclear Cell Burden and Microbial Growth to the Inflammatory Cytokines in Tracheal Aspirates from Ventilated Preterm Infants"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Sophia","family":"Baig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pragnya","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niharika","family":"Podaralla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Evangelista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ishminder","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vineet","family":"Bhandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.08.020","article-title":"Trends in outcomes for neonates born very preterm and very low birth weight in 11 high-income 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