{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T21:09:49Z","timestamp":1779916189490,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"S 01","funder":[{"name":"Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program"},{"name":"Coordinating Center","award":["U2COD023375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2COD023375"]}]},{"name":"Data Analysis Center","award":["U24OD023382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24OD023382"]}]},{"name":"PRO Core","award":["U24OD023319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24OD023319"]}]},{"name":"Alshawabkeh","award":["UH3OD023251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023251"]}]},{"name":"Aschner","award":["UH3OD023320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023320"]}]},{"name":"Camargo","award":["UH3OD023253"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023253"]}]},{"name":"Dabelea","award":["UH3OD023248"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023248"]}]},{"name":"Deoni","award":["UH3OD023313"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023313"]}]},{"name":"Duarte","award":["UH3OD023328"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023328"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005121","name":"Dunlop","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UH3OD023318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023318"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005121","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Elliott","award":["UH3OD023279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023279"]}]},{"name":"Ferrara","award":["UH3OD023289"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023289"]}]},{"name":"Gern","award":["UH3OD023282"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023282"]}]},{"name":"Breton","award":["UH3OD023287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023287"]}]},{"name":"Hipwell","award":["UH3OD023244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023244"]}]},{"name":"Karagas","award":["UH3OD023275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023275"]}]},{"name":"Karr","award":["UH3OD023271"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023271"]}]},{"name":"Lester","award":["UH3OD023347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023347"]}]},{"name":"Leve","award":["UH3OD023389"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023389"]}]},{"name":"McEvoy","award":["UH3OD023288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023288"]}]},{"name":"O\u2027Connor","award":["UH3OD023349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023349"]}]},{"name":"Kerver","award":["UH3OD023285"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023285"]}]},{"name":"Herbstman","award":["UH3OD023290"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023290"]}]},{"name":"Schantz","award":["UH3OD023272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023272"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005492","name":"Stanford","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UH3OD023249"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023249"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Trasande","award":["UH3OD023305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023305"]}]},{"name":"Wright","award":["UH3OD023337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023337"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Objective\u2003We sought to evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on perinatal outcomes while accounting for maternal depression or perceived stress and to describe COVID-specific stressors, including changes in prenatal care, across specific time periods of the pandemic.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Study Design\u2003Data of dyads from 41 cohorts from the National Institutes of Health Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Program (N\u2009=\u20092,983) were used to compare birth outcomes before and during the pandemic (n\u2009=\u20092,355), and a partially overlapping sample (n\u2009=\u20091,490) responded to a COVID-19 questionnaire. Psychosocial stress was defined using prenatal screening for depression and perceived stress. Propensity-score matching and general estimating equations with robust variance estimation were used to estimate the pandemic's effect on birth outcomes.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results\u2003Symptoms of depression and perceived stress during pregnancy were similar prior to and during the pandemic, with nearly 40% of participants reporting mild to severe stress, and 24% reporting mild depression to severe depression. Gestations were shorter during the pandemic (B\u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u20090.33 weeks, p\u2009=\u20090.025), and depression was significantly associated with shortened gestation (B\u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u20090.02 weeks, p\u2009=\u20090.015) after adjustment. Birth weights were similar (B\u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u200928.14\u2009g, p\u2009=\u20090.568), but infants born during the pandemic had slightly larger birth weights for gestational age at delivery than those born before the pandemic (B\u2009=\u20090.15 z-score units, p\u2009=\u20090.041). More women who gave birth early in the pandemic reported being moderately or extremely distressed about changes to their prenatal care and delivery (45%) compared with those who delivered later in the pandemic. A majority (72%) reported somewhat to extremely negative views of the impact of COVID-19 on their life.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusion\u2003In this national cohort, we detected no effect of COVID-19 on prenatal depression or perceived stress. However, experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic in pregnancy was associated with decreases in gestational age at birth, as well as distress about changes in prenatal care early in the pandemic.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Key Points\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2033-5610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T00:22:57Z","timestamp":1676334177000},"page":"e1404-e1420","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Perinatal Outcomes during versus Prior to the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Role of Maternal Depression and Perceived Stress: A Report from the ECHO Program"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Kimberly S.","family":"McKee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Tung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guojing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akram N.","family":"Alshawabkeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica A.","family":"Arizaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa M.","family":"Bastain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Brennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carrie V.","family":"Breton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Carlos A.","family":"Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille C.","family":"Cioffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose F.","family":"Cordero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Athens, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Dabelea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arielle R.","family":"Deutsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Avera Research Institute, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiane S.","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University-NYSPI, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne L.","family":"Dunlop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy J.","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Avera Research Institute, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assiamira","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret R.","family":"Karagas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Lester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy T.","family":"McEvoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, MCR Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Meeker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Environmental Health Sciences, Global Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenae M.","family":"Neiderhiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Herbstman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, Environmental Health Sciences, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Trasande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, New York University, New York"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine, and Population Health, New York University 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