{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T02:04:24Z","timestamp":1785463464409,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pneumologie"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Zusammenfassung<\/jats:title><jats:p>Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Frage, ob Elektronische Zigaretten (E-Zigaretten) den erwiesenen Schaden des Rauchens von Tabakprodukten minimieren k\u00f6nnen oder zu einer Schadensverl\u00e4ngerung f\u00fchren. W\u00e4hrend das britische Royal College of Physicians Rauchern E-Zigaretten als Substitut f\u00fcr Tabakprodukte empfiehlt, r\u00e4t die Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin Rauchern von der Nutzung der E-Zigarette ab. Drei Hypothesen liegen der Schadensminimierungsstrategie zugrunde. Hypothese 1: Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass E-Zigaretten gesundheitlich weniger Schaden anrichten als Tabakzigaretten. Hypothese 2: Es wird postuliert, dass Raucher motiviert sind, von konventionellen Zigaretten auf E-Zigaretten umzusteigen. Hypothese 3: Es wird vermutet, dass E-Zigaretten ein nebenwirkungsarmes, effektives Mittel zum Rauchstopp sind. Obwohl die langfristigen gesundheitlichen Folgen des E-Zigarettenkonsums nach wie vor unbekannt sind, mehren sich die Befunde, dass E-Zigaretten toxisch wirken, sch\u00e4dlich f\u00fcr das Herz-Kreislauf-System, die Gesundheit der Atemwege und m\u00f6glicherweise krebserregend sind. Bev\u00f6lkerungsrepr\u00e4sentative epidemiologische Erhebungen zeigen, dass drei Viertel aller aktuellen E-Zigarettennutzer in Deutschland gleichzeitig Tabak rauchen. E-Zigaretten haben in wenigen randomisierten klinischen Studien im Vergleich zu Nikotinersatzprodukten h\u00f6here Erfolgsraten. Als frei verk\u00e4ufliche Konsumprodukte unter Realbedingungen findet sich in einer Vielzahl von Studien kein Vorteil f\u00fcr E-Zigaretten. Zudem verl\u00e4ngern E-Zigaretten im Vergleich zu Nikotinersatzprodukten die Nikotinabh\u00e4ngigkeit. Die Hypothesen der Schadensminimierungsstrategie mittels E-Zigaretten m\u00fcssen nach derzeitigem Kenntnisstand als widerlegt angesehen werden. Daher erscheint es ethisch nicht unproblematisch, wenn \u00c4rzte ihren Patienten E-Zigaretten als Substitut zum Rauchen empfehlen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2034-6214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T23:17:31Z","timestamp":1680045451000},"page":"233-238","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Elektronische Zigaretten \u2013 Schadensminimierung oder Schadensverl\u00e4ngerung?"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7163-5738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reiner","family":"Hanewinkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Therapie- und Gesundheitsforschung, IFT-Nord gGmbH, Kiel, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(21)01169-7","article-title":"Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"397","author":"GBD 2019 Tobacco Collaborators","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-123852","article-title":"Neuberechnung der tabakattributablen Mortalit\u00e4t \u2013 Nationale und regionale Daten f\u00fcr Deutschland","volume":"81","author":"U Mons","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gesundheitswesen"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Smoking and health 2021: a coming of age for tobacco control?","author":"Royal College of Physicians","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2019.305132","article-title":"Evidence and E-Cigarettes: Explaining English Exceptionalism","volume":"109","author":"M McKee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic 2021: addressing new and emerging products","author":"WHO","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1862-3112","article-title":"Empfehlungen zum Umgang mit der elektronischen Zigarette (E-Zigarette)","volume":"76","author":"Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin in Zusammenarbeit mit medizinischen Fachgesellschaften und Organisationen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pneumologie"},{"issue":"S 02","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2016.07.006","article-title":"Evaluation of the Tobacco Heating System 2.2. 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