{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T01:40:09Z","timestamp":1790386809030,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PRACTIS-Clinician Scientist Program of\n                        Hannover Medical School"},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft\n                    (DFG, German Research Foundation","award":["ME3696\/3-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ME3696\/3-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacopsychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction Precision medicine in psychiatry is still in its infancy. To\n                    establish patient-tailored treatment, adequate indicators predicting treatment\n                    response are required. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is considered one of the\n                    most effective options for pharmacoresistant major depressive disorder (MDD),\n                    yet remission rates were reported to be below 50%.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods Since epigenetics of the stress response system seem to play a\n                    role in MDD, we analyzed the DNA methylation (DNAm) of genes encoding the\n                    glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC)\n                    through Sanger Sequencing. For analysis, blood was taken before and after the\n                    first and last ECT from MDD patients (n=31), unmedicated depressed\n                    controls (UDC; n=19, baseline), and healthy controls (HC; n=20,\n                    baseline).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results Baseline DNAm in NR3C1 was significantly lower in UDCs\n                    compared to both other groups (UDC: 0.014(\u00b10.002), ECT:\n                    0.031(\u00b10.001), HC: 0.024(\u00b10.002); p&lt;0.001), whereas\n                    regarding POMC, ECT patients had the highest DNAm levels (ECT:\n                    0.252(\u00b10.013), UDC: 0.156(\u00b10.015), HC: 0.162(\u00b10.014);\n                    p&lt;0.001). NR3C1m and POMCm decreased after the first ECT\n                        (NR3C1: p&lt;0.001; POMC: p=0.001), and\n                    responders were less methylated compared to non-responders in\n                    NR3C1(p&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Discussion Our findings indicate that both genes might play a role in the\n                    chronification of depression and NR3C1 may be relevant for ECT response\n                    prediction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2034-6536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T23:30:21Z","timestamp":1679441421000},"page":"64-72","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["DNA Methylation of POMC and NR3C1-1F and Its\n                    Implication in Major Depressive Disorder and Electroconvulsive\n                    Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Hannah B.","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy,\n                    Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Moschny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Social\n                    Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Eberle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy,\n                    Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Jahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Social\n                    Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thorsten","family":"Folsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy,\n                    Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasmus","family":"Sch\u00fclke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy,\n                    Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Bleich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy,\n                    Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Social\n                    Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helge","family":"Frieling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy,\n                    Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Social\n                    Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Neyazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Social\n                    Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover,\n                    Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke\n                    University Magdeburg (OVGU), Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2017.06.015","article-title":"Self-assessed remission rates after electroconvulsive therapy of depressive\n                    disorders","volume":"45","author":"O Brus","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2003.09.015","article-title":"Effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy in community settings","volume":"55","author":"J Prudic","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2009.07.012","article-title":"The impact of treatment on HPA axis activity in unipolar major depression","volume":"44","author":"M S 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Yehuda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0582-7","article-title":"DNA methylation of HPA-axis genes and the onset of major depressive disorder in\n                    adolescent girls: A prospective analysis","volume":"9","author":"K L Humphreys","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2005.02.010","article-title":"Depression and cortisol responses to psychological stress: A meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"H M Burke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2005.11.006","article-title":"Cytokines sing the blues: Inflammation and the pathogenesis of depression","volume":"27","author":"C L Raison","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends 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Neuropsychopharmacol"}],"container-title":["Pharmacopsychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2034-6536.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T00:00:59Z","timestamp":1680566459000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2034-6536"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2034-6536","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0176-3679","1439-0795"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0176-3679","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0795","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}}}