{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:15:01Z","timestamp":1790363701186,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017621","name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ZDSYS20200811143757022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDSYS20200811143757022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Major Project of Fundamental Research","award":["JCYJ20200109114233670"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20200109114233670"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015956","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2020B0909020002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B0909020002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015956","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012151","name":"Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SZSM201911011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZSM201911011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Knee Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical and radiographic characteristics of mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (MD-ACL) were poorly documented in previous literature. And the optimal management strategy for MD-ACL remains unclear. Here, we summarized the characteristics associated with MD-ACL, and evaluated the clinical outcome of conservative management to MD-ACL.A total of 18 knees in 18 patients diagnosed with MD-ACL were collected and reviewed retrospectively. Sixteen patients underwent conservative management and two patients underwent arthroscopic surgery. Baseline demographic, clinical data, and pathologic changes of knee in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were recorded. Clinical outcome was evaluated with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Oxford Knee Score (OKS).<\/jats:p><jats:p>The most common clinical characteristic in patients with MD-ACL was knee pain (18\/18), and seconded by mobility limitation (38.9%, 7\/18). All patients presented a typical celery stalk sign with increased signal and diffuse thickening volume in the ACL in MRI. Thirteen patients companied with meniscus tear (72.2%, 13\/18), and nine complicated with cartilage injury (50.0%, 9\/18). Sixteen patients who underwent conservative treatment were followed up for 21.8 months, and a positive clinical outcome was observed with VAS decreasing from 5.3\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3 to 1.5\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9 and OKS decreasing from 27.5\u2009\u00b1\u200912.7 to 17.9\u2009\u00b1\u200911.8 (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The post-OKS score was highly correlated with age, duration of disease, and meniscus tear (r\u2009=\u20090.844, 0.707, and 0.474, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05, respectively). And the post-VAS highly correlated with age (r\u2009=\u20090.693, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Two patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery were followed up for 24.5 months, and the pain and function of knee was improved.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Knee pain and meniscus tear was the main characteristic of MD-ACL in clinical and radiographic exam. Conservative treatment could be an alternative management for treatment of MD-ACL with positive clinical outcome. Old age, long duration of disease and complications from meniscus tears were associated with inferior outcome of conservative treatment for MD-ACL.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n               Level of evidence\u2003IV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2037-6138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T23:49:59Z","timestamp":1676677799000},"page":"198-204","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mucoid Degeneration of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament: Characteristics and Conservative Management"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Jianzhou","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minmin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaozhen","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zili","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7895-9962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruifang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunguang","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xujiao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0153-279X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tailin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-012-1991-9","article-title":"Symptomatic mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament","volume":"21","author":"J R Cha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.81B2.0810304","article-title":"Mucoid cystic degeneration of the cruciate ligament","volume":"81","author":"A Kumar","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.128765","article-title":"Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament: management and outcome","volume":"48","author":"V Pandey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560100336","article-title":"Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament mistaken for ligamentous tears","volume":"30","author":"J McIntyre","year":"2001","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2020.07.007","article-title":"Coexistence of trochlear dysplasia and anterior cruciate ligament mucoid degeneration and relationship between dysplasia degree and mucoid degeneration","volume":"29","author":"G T Yigman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-009-1432-x","article-title":"Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament associated with subclinical instability in young patients","volume":"15","author":"Y Niki","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-011-1433-0","article-title":"Anterior cruciate ligament mucoid degeneration: a review of the literature and management guidelines","volume":"19","author":"F Lintz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2010.02.008","article-title":"Anterior cruciate ligament mucoid degeneration: selecting the best treatment option","volume":"96","author":"F Lintz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.101037","article-title":"Arthroscopic management of mucoid degeneration of anterior cruciate ligament","volume":"46","author":"C H Chudasama","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1660514","article-title":"Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament: characterization of natural history, femoral notch width index, and patient reported outcome measures","volume":"32","author":"A J Hotchen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Knee Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.182.5.1821283","article-title":"Anterior cruciate ligament ganglia and mucoid degeneration: coexistence and clinical correlation","volume":"182","author":"D Bergin","year":"2004","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2992","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-017-5495-2","article-title":"Validation of the Chinese (Mandarin) version of the Oxford Knee Score in patients with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"475","author":"K Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199274030-00016","article-title":"Mucoid degeneration of the patellar ligament in athletes","volume":"74","author":"P E Scranton Jr","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-799X-1-11","article-title":"Case report: intra-tendinous ganglion of the anterior cruciate ligament in a young footballer","volume":"1","author":"C Rolf","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Knee Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2037-6138.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T10:21:24Z","timestamp":1730802084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2037-6138"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2037-6138","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1538-8506","1938-2480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1538-8506","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]}}}