{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T17:32:17Z","timestamp":1776360737335,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objectives\u2003This study seeks to comprehensively analyze the impact of smoking history on outcomes after endoscopic transsphenoidal hypophysectomy (TSH) for pituitary adenoma.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Design\u2003This was a retrospective study.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Setting\u2003This study was done at the tertiary care center.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Participants\u2003Three hundred and ninety-eight adult patients undergoing TSH for a pituitary adenoma.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Main Outcome Measures\u2003Clinical and tumor characteristics and operative factors were collected. Patients were categorized as never, former, or active smokers, and the pack-years of smoking history was collected. Years since cessation of smoking was obtained for former smokers. Specific outcomes included postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, length of hospitalization, 30-day return to the operating room, and 30-day readmission. Smoking history details were comprehensively analyzed for association with outcomes.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003Any history of smoking tobacco was associated with return to the operating room (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20092.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05\u20136.76, p\u2009=\u20090.039), which was for persistent CSF leak in 58.3%. Among patients with postoperative CSF leak, any history of smoking was associated with need for return to the operating room to repair the CSF leak (OR\u2009=\u20095.25, 95% CI: 1.07\u201325.79, p\u2009=\u20090.041). Pack-years of smoking was positively associated with a return to the operating room (OR\u2009=\u20091.03, 95% CI: 1.01\u20131.06, p\u2009=\u20090.048). In all multivariable models, all negative outcomes were significantly associated with the covariate: occurrence of intraoperative CSF leak.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003This is the first study to show smoking may have a negative impact on healing of CSF leak repairs after TSH, requiring a return to the operating room. This effect appears to be dose dependent on the smoking history. Secondarily, intraoperative CSF leak as covariate in multivariable models was significantly associated with all negative outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2043-0263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,25]],"date-time":"2023-02-25T23:35:01Z","timestamp":1677368101000},"page":"255-260","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Comprehensive Analysis of Tobacco Smoking History as a Risk for Outcomes after Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Resection of Pituitary Adenoma"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Susie","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle T.","family":"Petito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siddhant H.","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geet","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adithya","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjit","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katie M.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan A.","family":"Forbes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Zuccarello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norberto O.","family":"Andaluz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6331-2325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad R.","family":"Sedaghat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Pathology and pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas and other sellar lesions","author":"S Larkin","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.01.022","article-title":"Endoscopic versus microscopic transsphenoidal surgery in the treatment of pituitary adenoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"101","author":"A Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2019.102306","article-title":"Assessment of post-operative healing following endoscopic, 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