{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T08:14:26Z","timestamp":1783152866757,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"09","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004530","name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UPM\/700\/2\/1\/GPB\/2017\/9597400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UPM\/700\/2\/1\/GPB\/2017\/9597400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Planta Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic endocrine disorder caused by decreased insulin concentration or poor insulin response. Muntingia calabura (MC) has been used traditionally to\n          reduce blood glucose levels. This study aims to support the traditional claim of MC as a functional food and blood-glucose-lowering regimen. The antidiabetic potential of MC is tested on a\n          streptozotocin\u2013nicotinamide (STZ-NA)-induced diabetic rat model by using the 1H-NMR-based metabolomic approach. Serum biochemical analyses reveal that treatment with 250\u2009mg\/kg\n          body weight (bw) standardized freeze-dried (FD) 50% ethanolic MC extract (MCE 250) shows favorable serum creatinine (37.77\u2009\u00b1\u20093.53\u2009\u00b5M), urea (5.98\u2009\u00b1\u20090.84\u2009mM) and glucose (7.36\u2009\u00b1\u20090.57\u2009mM)\n          lowering capacity, which was comparable to the standard drug, metformin. The clear separation between diabetic control (DC) and normal group in principal component analysis indicates the\n          successful induction of diabetes in the STZ-NA-induced type 2 diabetic rat model. A total of nine biomarkers, including allantoin, glucose, methylnicotinamide, lactate, hippurate, creatine,\n          dimethylamine, citrate and pyruvate are identified in rats\u02bc urinary profile, discriminating DC and normal groups through orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis. Induction of\n          diabetes by STZ-NA is due to alteration in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, gluconeogenesis pathway, pyruvate metabolism and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Oral treatment with\n          MCE 250 in STZ-NA-induced diabetic rats shows improvement in the altered carbohydrate metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolic pathway, as well as purine and homocysteine metabolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2053-0950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T00:14:50Z","timestamp":1678752890000},"page":"916-934","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Metabolic Alterations in Streptozotocin\u2013nicotinamide-induced Diabetic Rats Treated with Muntingia calabura Extract via 1H-NMR-based\n          Metabolomics"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Nur Khaleeda Zulaikha","family":"Zolkeflee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei Lou","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Maulidiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurul Shazini","family":"Ramli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azrina","family":"Azlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8110-9424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faridah","family":"Abas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"25","volume-title":"Pathophysiology of Diabetes","author":"J Moini","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"National Diabetes Registry Report 2013 \u2013 2019","author":"A Chandran","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-015-0384-0","article-title":"Metformin and metabolic diseases: A focus on hepatic aspects","volume":"9","author":"J Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00802","article-title":"Unraveling the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis","volume":"9","author":"X Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1258\/ebm.2012.011372","article-title":"Streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetes in the rat. 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