{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T22:14:19Z","timestamp":1787004859626,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective\u2003Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) requires close surveillance of blood glucose to prevent perinatal morbidity. Self-monitoring of capillary blood glucose (BGM) comes with considerable psychosocial burden. Intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitor (isCGM) devices are discreet and could considerably impact the lifestyle of the patient. They are designed to replace BGM testing in nonpregnant patients. Data on this technology in pregnancy are scant. The aim of this study was to assess concordance of BGM with isCGM in GDM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Study Design\u2003Institutional review board approved prospective single-arm study evaluating agreement of isCGM (Freestyle Libre 14-day system) compared with BGM when determining glucose levels fasting and 2-hour postprandial for 14 days. This was documented as percentage of results within Zone A (clinically accurate measurements with no effect on clinical action) or Zone B (values that deviate from reference by &gt;20% but would lead to benign\/no treatment) of the Parkes Error Grid (developed for nonpregnant patients with diabetes). Per International Organization for Standardization criteria, agreement was defined as &gt;95% within Zone A or B. Analytical agreement was evaluated using mean and median absolute relative difference (ARD), mean and median absolute difference (AD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results\u2003There were 1,604 pairs of BGM\/isCGM observations for 41 patients. Mean glucose values were 102.0 (standard deviation [SD]\u2009=\u200920.5) and 89.4 (SD\u2009=\u200920.1) mg\/dL for BGM and isCGM, respectively. Mean and median AD were 15.9 and 13.0\u2009mg\/dL, respectively. Mean and median ARD were 15.9 and 12.5%, respectively. Zones A and B contained 76.9 and 22.9% of values, respectively, in the Parkes Error Grid, for a total of 99.8%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion\u2003BGM and isCGM demonstrate clinical agreement. However, glucose values with isCGM trended lower, with greater mean and median ARD than prior studies. Given the strict glycemic control required during pregnancy, physicians should be aware of these differences and their possible clinical implications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Key Points<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2053-7650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T20:28:15Z","timestamp":1678825695000},"page":"1149-1157","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparison of an Intermittently Scanned (Flash) Continuous Glucose Monitoring System to Standard Self-Monitoring of Capillary Blood Glucose in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4943-9896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farrah N.","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai West, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Raymond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2253-0611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina M.","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai West, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Scarpelli-Shchur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai West, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tirtza S.","family":"Strauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai West, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zainab","family":"Al-Ibraheemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai West, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lois","family":"Brustman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai West, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002501","article-title":"ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 190: gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"131","author":"ACOG Practice Bulletin No","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"19","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0707943","article-title":"Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"358","author":"B E Metzger","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.01.014","article-title":"The risk of stillbirth and infant death stratified by gestational age in women with gestational diabetes","volume":"206","author":"M G Rosenstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2009.0002","article-title":"A tale of two compartments: interstitial versus blood glucose monitoring","volume":"11","author":"E Cengiz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1089\/152091503322527030","article-title":"Glucose sensors and the alternate site testing-like phenomenon: relationship between rapid blood glucose changes and glucose sensor signals","volume":"5","author":"T Koschinsky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S85","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-S007","article-title":"7. Diabetes technology: standards of medical care in diabetes-2021","volume":"44","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1678733","article-title":"Real-time continuous glucose monitoring in gestational diabetes: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"36","author":"A S Lane","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4674","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-4332","article-title":"Continuous glucose monitoring effects on maternal glycemic control and pregnancy outcomes in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study","volume":"99","author":"F Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-016-0161-5","article-title":"Use of a real time continuous glucose monitoring system as an educational tool for patients with gestational diabetes","volume":"8","author":"E Alfadhli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32400-5","article-title":"Continuous glucose monitoring in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes (CONCEPTT): a multicentre international randomised controlled trial","volume":"390","author":"D S Feig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-016-0223-6","article-title":"Flash glucose-sensing technology as a replacement for blood glucose monitoring for the management of insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a multicenter, open-label randomized controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"T Haak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2017.0386","article-title":"Accuracy, user acceptability, and safety evaluation for the FreeStyle Libre flash glucose monitoring system when used by pregnant women with diabetes","volume":"20","author":"E M Scott","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181ae8d85","article-title":"Carpenter-Coustan criteria compared with the national diabetes data group thresholds for gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"114","author":"Y W Cheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2010.0015","article-title":"Validation of measures of satisfaction with and impact of continuous and conventional glucose monitoring","volume":"12","author":"Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study Group","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.8.1143","article-title":"A new consensus error grid to evaluate the clinical significance of inaccuracies in the measurement of blood glucose","volume":"23","author":"J L Parkes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1600","article-title":"International consensus on use of continuous glucose monitoring","volume":"40","author":"T Danne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2014.0378","article-title":"The performance and usability of a factory-calibrated flash glucose monitoring system","volume":"17","author":"T Bailey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2021.0109","article-title":"Comparison of glycemic metrics measured simultaneously by intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring and real-time continuous glucose monitoring in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes","volume":"23","author":"S K N\u00f8rgaard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-4850-0","article-title":"Continuous glucose monitoring in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes: an observational cohort study of 186 pregnancies","volume":"62","author":"K Kristensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"S90","article-title":"Edema in pregnancy","volume":"59","author":"J M Davison","year":"1997","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7058082","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7058082","article-title":"Quality of life in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review","volume":"2017","author":"D Marchetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-014-9428-0","article-title":"Patient-reported outcomes in women with gestational diabetes: a longitudinal study","volume":"22","author":"J A Kopec","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Behav Med"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Perinatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2053-7650.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T06:06:31Z","timestamp":1730786791000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2053-7650"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2053-7650","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-1631","1098-8785"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-1631","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-8785","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]}}}