{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T19:42:13Z","timestamp":1740166933783,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Surg Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ectopic pituitary tumors are neoplasms with no connection to the pituitary gland and are commonly deposited in other areas of the anterior skull base. A 32-year-old woman presented with a 3-month history of right-sided facial weakness, sensorineural hearing loss, diplopia, and severe headaches. Physical examination revealed a mid-dilated sluggishly reactive right pupil with slight limitation in all gazes, as well as right-sided orbicularis weakness, lagophthalmos, and decreased facial sensation. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head without contrast revealed a 3.7\u2009\u00d7\u20091.8\u2009\u00d7\u20092.6\u2009cm mildly enhancing mass in the right internal acoustic meatus and along the petrous ridge. The case was brought before the institution's tumor board, where concern for higher grade pathology, such as hemangiopericytoma, was discussed. Per patient preference, surgical biopsy of the tumor was performed. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a World Health Organization (WHO) grade II neuroendocrine tumor, with cells staining positive for synaptophysin, chromogranin, and CD56, with a Ki-67 index of 8%. In addition to the ectopic location, this pituitary tumor was noted to be aggressive in nature based on its high Ki-67 index. Surgical excision and radiologic therapy of tumors involving the CPA are appropriate treatments in most cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2065-9809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T23:15:56Z","timestamp":1680218156000},"page":"e51-e58","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["High-Grade Ectopic Pituitary Adenoma within the Cerebellopontine Angle: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3036-7850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cassidy","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aishwarya","family":"Sriram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4122-0061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abigail","family":"Funari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Lower Level, Bronx, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Yokoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Lower Level, Bronx, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Pecorari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Flaquer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadeem","family":"Akbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Colley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Basson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Howard S.","family":"Moskowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vijay","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"05","key":"ref1","first-page":"319","article-title":"Pituitary adenomas: an overview","volume":"88","author":"M G Lake","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(05)70058-X","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of sellar masses","volume":"28","author":"P U Freda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1159\/000500812","article-title":"A new generation somatostatin-dopamine analogue exerts potent antitumoral actions on pituitary neuroendocrine tumor cells","volume":"110","author":"M C V\u00e1zquez-Borrego","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.19699","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of pituitary adenomas: a review","volume":"317","author":"M E Molitch","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-71-6-1427","article-title":"Clonal origin of pituitary adenomas","volume":"71","author":"V Herman","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s10014-018-0314-3","article-title":"The 2017 WHO classification of pituitary adenoma: overview and comments","volume":"35","author":"N Inoshita","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Tumor Pathol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref7","first-page":"762","article-title":"Management of hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas","volume":"19","author":"G U Mehta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"author":"G P Stricsek","key":"ref8"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-181198","article-title":"Evaluation of balance after surgery for cerebellopontine angle tumor","volume":"32","author":"N Canbaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Back Musculoskeletal Rehabil"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.11.002","article-title":"Synchronous tumors of the cerebellopontine angle","volume":"98","author":"C S Graffeo","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref11","first-page":"578","article-title":"Update on diagnostics and microsurgical treatment of vestibular schwannoma [in German]","volume":"90","author":"F H Ebner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nervenarzt"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23524","article-title":"Retrosigmoid approach to cerebellopontine angle tumor resection: surgical modifications","volume":"122","author":"S E Heman-Ackah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489418781934","article-title":"Petrous apex pneumatization: influence on postoperative cerebellopontine angle tumor cerebrospinal fluid fistula","volume":"127","author":"M Shew","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2019.108535","article-title":"Ectopic pituitary adenoma of the TSH-secreting sphenoidal sinus with excellent response to somatostatin analogs. Theory of the embryogenesis and literature review from a clinical case","volume":"154","author":"E Ortiz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-020-01043-1","article-title":"Suprasellar pituitary adenomas: a 10-year experience in a single tertiary medical center and a literature review","volume":"23","author":"J Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.10.200","article-title":"Variability in clinical presentation and pathologic implications of ectopic pituitary tumors: critical review of literature","volume":"122","author":"W Shuman","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-017-0807-9","article-title":"\u2018Ectopic\u2019 suprasellar type IIa PRL-secreting pituitary adenoma","volume":"20","author":"H-J Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617.e13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.08.062","article-title":"Ectopic suprasellar thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma: case report and literature review","volume":"95","author":"Q Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566761","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.566761","article-title":"SDF-1\u03b1\/MicroRNA-134 axis regulates nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumor growth via targeting VEGFA","volume":"11","author":"X Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C5","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-17-0004","article-title":"From pituitary adenoma to pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET): an International Pituitary Pathology Club proposal","volume":"24","author":"S L Asa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-017-1769-8","article-title":"The 2017 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the pituitary gland: a summary","volume":"134","author":"M BS Lopes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-022-09703-7","article-title":"Overview of the 2022 WHO classification of pituitary tumors","volume":"33","author":"S L Asa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2019.11.002","article-title":"Pangenomic classification of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"37","author":"M Neou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2012.0075","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"10","author":"M H Kulke","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"295253","article-title":"Primary neuroendocrine tumor in brain","volume":"2014","author":"R Tamura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Case Rep Neurol Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-015-1999-x","article-title":"Clinicopathological analysis in patients with neuroendocrine tumors that metastasized to the brain","volume":"16","author":"J Akimoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.52.2.107","article-title":"Ki-67 labelling index and invasiveness among anterior pituitary adenomas: analysis of 103 cases using the MIB-1 monoclonal antibody","volume":"52","author":"L Mastronardi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1159\/000375448","article-title":"Typical and atypical pituitary adenomas: a single-center analysis of outcome and prognosis","volume":"101","author":"S Chiloiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-019-03879-4","article-title":"Ki-67 labeling index and expression of p53 are non-predictive for invasiveness and tumor size in functional and nonfunctional pituitary adenomas","volume":"161","author":"F Grimm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref30","first-page":"610","article-title":"Pituitary adenomas with invasion of the cavernous sinus space: a magnetic resonance imaging classification compared with surgical findings","volume":"33","author":"E Knosp","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2003.99.4.0674","article-title":"Expression of Ki-67 antigen in nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas: correlation with growth velocity and invasiveness","volume":"99","author":"J Honegger","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000349930.66434.82","article-title":"Ki-67 in pituitary neoplasms: a review--part I","volume":"65","author":"F Salehi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-017-0855-1","article-title":"Histopathological classification of non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"21","author":"E Manojlovic-Gacic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-013-1084-y","article-title":"A new prognostic clinicopathological classification of pituitary adenomas: a multicentric case-control study of 410 patients with 8 years post-operative follow-up","volume":"126","author":"J Trouillas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.05.104","article-title":"Cerebellar metastasis of unknown primary neuroendocrine carcinoma: report of case mimicking hemangioblastoma","volume":"128","author":"N Kuroda","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1985.63.1.0113","article-title":"Suprasellar peri-infundibular ectopic adenohypophysis in fetal and adult brains","volume":"63","author":"A Hori","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e234415","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-234415","article-title":"Incidental ectopic posterior pituitary in an adult","volume":"13","author":"T Tanaka","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1159\/000447771","article-title":"Primary cerebellar neuroendocrine tumors: chimeras or real entities? A case report with a 6-year follow-up","volume":"9","author":"C Vernieri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Case Rep Oncol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-007-0019-9","article-title":"Ectopic growth hormone-releasing hormone secretion by a metastatic bronchial carcinoid tumor: a case with a non hypophysial intracranial tumor that shrank during long acting octreotide treatment","volume":"10","author":"P Fainstein Day","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0796","article-title":"European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of aggressive pituitary tumours and carcinomas","volume":"178","author":"G Raverot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-018-0868-4","article-title":"Management of nonfunctioning pituitary tumors: radiotherapy","volume":"21","author":"G Minniti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.07.978","article-title":"Fractionated proton beam irradiation of pituitary adenomas","volume":"64","author":"B B Ronson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2014.06.068","article-title":"Outcomes of proton therapy for patients with functional pituitary adenomas","volume":"90","author":"D A Wattson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.8.JNS181702","article-title":"Glioblastoma of the cerebellopontine angle and internal auditory canal mimicking a peripheral nerve sheath tumor: case report","volume":"131","author":"H Takami","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurological Surgery Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2065-9809.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T23:39:41Z","timestamp":1682120381000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2065-9809"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2065-9809","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-6358","2193-6366"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2193-6358"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2193-6366"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]]}}}