{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T02:53:05Z","timestamp":1783479185565,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"07\/08","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000862","name":"Doris Duke Charitable Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2019087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1R01HL15583401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01HL15583401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary aldosteronism (PA) is characterized by dysregulated, renin-independent\n                    aldosterone excess. Long perceived as rare, PA has emerged as one of the most\n                    common causes of secondary hypertension. Failure to recognize and treat PA\n                    results in cardiovascular and renal complications, through processes mediated by\n                    both direct target tissue insults and indirectly, by hypertension. PA spans a\n                    continuum of dysregulated aldosterone secretion, which is typically recognized\n                    in late stages after treatment-resistant hypertension and cardiovascular\n                    and\/or renal complications develop. Determining the precise disease\n                    burden remains challenging due to heterogeneity in testing, arbitrary\n                    thresholds, and populations studied. This review summarizes the reports on PA\n                    prevalence among the general population and in specific high-risk subgroups,\n                    highlighting the impact of rigid versus permissive criteria on PA prevalence\n                    perception.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2066-2696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T23:16:32Z","timestamp":1680218192000},"page":"394-401","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Primary Aldosteronism Prevalence \u2013 An Unfolding\n                    Story"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Suranut","family":"Charoensri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of\n                    Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, USA. Ann Arbor,\n                    Michigan"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine,\n                    Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9831-6190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adina F.","family":"Turcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of\n                    Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, USA. Ann Arbor,\n                    Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-022-01176-7","article-title":"High prevalence of autonomous aldosterone production in hypertension: How to\n                    identify and treat it","volume":"24","author":"T Wannachalee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30319-4","article-title":"Cardiovascular events and target organ damage in primary aldosteronism compared\n                    with essential hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"S Monticone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30367-4","article-title":"Cardiometabolic outcomes and mortality in medically treated primary\n                    aldosteronism: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"6","author":"G L Hundemer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4826","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2805","article-title":"Long-term cardio- and cerebrovascular events in patients with primary\n                    aldosteronism","volume":"98","author":"P Mulatero","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0417","article-title":"Primary aldosteronism as a cause of secondary osteoporosis","volume":"177","author":"A S Salcuni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1851","article-title":"Risk factors associated with a low glomerular filtration rate in primary\n                    aldosteronism","volume":"94","author":"M Reincke","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.22.2638","article-title":"Long-term renal outcomes in patients with primary aldosteronism","volume":"295","author":"L A Sechi","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-21-0836","article-title":"Long-term mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with unilateral\n                    primary aldosteronism after targeted treatments","volume":"186","author":"V-C Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10596","article-title":"Adrenalectomy lowers incident atrial fibrillation in primary aldosteronism\n                    patients at long term","volume":"71","author":"G P Rossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2019-00019","article-title":"Adrenalectomy improves the long-term risk of end-stage renal disease and\n                    mortality of primary aldosteronism","volume":"3","author":"Y-Y Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11568","article-title":"Renal outcomes in medically and surgically treated primary aldosteronism","volume":"72","author":"G L Hundemer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-4061","article-title":"The management of primary aldosteronism: Case detection, diagnosis, and\n                    treatment: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"101","author":"J W Funder","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.14558","article-title":"Who should be screened for primary aldosteronism? 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