{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T20:46:32Z","timestamp":1750797992713},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"07\/08","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Drug-resistant arterial hypertension (RH) is a major risk factor for\n                    cardiovascular disease, often due to overlooked underlying causes.\n                    Identification of such causes poses significant clinical challenges. In this\n                    setting, primary aldosteronism (PA) is a frequent cause of RH and its prevalence\n                    in RH patients is likely higher than 20%.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The pathophysiological link between PA and the development and maintenance of RH\n                    involves target organ damage and the cellular and extracellular effects of\n                    aldosterone excess that promote pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic changes in the\n                    kidney and vasculature.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The feasibility of adrenal vein sampling in PA patients with RH, and the clinical\n                    benefit achieved by adrenalectomy, further emphasize the need to implement\n                    systematic screening for this common form of secondary hypertension in the\n                    management of a high-risk population as RH patients.\n        <\/jats:p><jats:p>We herein review the current knowledge of the factors that contribute to the RH\n                    phenotype with a focus on PA and discuss the issues regarding the screening for\n                    PA in this setting and the therapeutic approaches (surgical and medical) aimed\n                    at resolving RH caused by PA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2073-3202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T23:20:40Z","timestamp":1681428040000},"page":"409-417","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Primary Aldosteronism and Drug Resistant Hypertension: A\n                    \u201cChicken-Egg\u201d Story"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"L","family":"Lenzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal & Emergency Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine\n                    \u2013 DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Pintus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal & Emergency Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine\n                    \u2013 DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Rossitto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal & Emergency Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine\n                    \u2013 DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T M","family":"Seccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal & Emergency Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine\n                    \u2013 DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G P","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal & Emergency Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine\n                    \u2013 DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.12191","article-title":"Prevalence of apparent treatment-resistant hypertension in the United States:\n                    Comparison of the 2008 and 2018 American Heart Association scientific statements\n                    on resistant hypertension","volume":"73","author":"R M Carey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2018-313599","article-title":"Global prevalence of resistant hypertension: A meta-analysis of data from 3.2\n                    million patients","volume":"105","author":"J J Noubiap","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.068064","article-title":"Incidence and prognosis of resistant hypertension in hypertensive patients","volume":"125","author":"S L Daugherty","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E53","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000084","article-title":"Resistant hypertension: Detection, evaluation, and management a scientific\n                    statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"72","author":"R M Carey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001961","article-title":"2018 practice guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension of the\n                    European society of cardiology and the European society of hypertension\n                    ESC\/ESH task force for the management of arterial hypertension","volume":"36","author":"B Williams","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15026","article-title":"2020 International Society of Hypertension Global Hypertension Practice\n                    Guidelines","volume":"75","author":"T Unger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht151","article-title":"2013 ESH\/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The\n                    Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society\n                    of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC","volume":"34","author":"G Mancia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.168948","article-title":"Clinical features of 8295 patients with resistant hypertension classified on the\n                    basis of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring","volume":"57","author":"A De La Sierra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.14517","article-title":"Identifying and treating resistant hypertension in PRECISION: A randomized\n                    long-term clinical trial with aprocitentan","volume":"24","author":"P Danaietash","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e394","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp18X696221","article-title":"Prevalence of treatment-resistant hypertension after considering\n                    pseudo-resistance and morbidity: a cross-sectional study in Irish primary\n                    care","volume":"68","author":"P Hayes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61942-5","article-title":"Optimum and stepped care standardised antihypertensive treatment with or without\n                    renal denervation for resistant hypertension (DENERHTN): A multicentre,\n                    open-label, randomised controlled trial","volume":"385","author":"M Azizi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000040261.30455.B6","article-title":"Hyperaldosteronism among black and white subjects with resistant\n                    hypertension","volume":"40","author":"D A Calhoun","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s40292-020-00415-9","article-title":"Practice recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of the most common forms of\n                    secondary hypertension","volume":"27","author":"G P Rossi","year":"2020","journal-title":"High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E85","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaa108","article-title":"Drug-resistant hypertension in primary aldosteronism patients undergoing adrenal\n                    vein sampling: The AVIS-2-RH study","volume":"29","author":"G P Rossi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.06017","article-title":"The new biology of aldosterone","volume":"186","author":"JM C Connell","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c130044","article-title":"The multifaceted mineralocorticoid receptor","volume":"4","author":"E Gomez-Sanchez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnac011","article-title":"Peptidergic G protein \u2013 coupled receptor regulation of adrenal function:\n                    Bench to bedside and back","author":"L Lenzini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11150","article-title":"Saga of familial hyperaldosteronism yet a new channel","volume":"71","author":"L Lenzini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1198785","article-title":"K+ channel mutations in adrenal aldosterone-producing adenomas and\n                    hereditary hypertension","volume":"331","author":"M Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2695","article-title":"Somatic and germline CACNA1D calcium channel mutations in aldosterone-producing\n                    adenomas and primary aldosteronism","volume":"45","author":"U I Scholl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2716","article-title":"Somatic mutations in ATP1A1 and CACNA1D underlie a common subtype of adrenal\n                    hypertension","volume":"45","author":"E A Azizan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.10.002","article-title":"CACNA1H mutations are associated with different forms of primary\n                    aldosteronism","volume":"13","author":"G Daniil","year":"2016","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.06315.001","article-title":"Recurrent gain of function mutation in calcium channel CACNA1H causes\n                    early-onset hypertension with primary aldosteronism","author":"U I Scholl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0048-5","article-title":"CLCN2 chloride channel mutations in familial hyperaldosteronism type II","volume":"50","author":"U I Scholl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0053-8","article-title":"A gain-of-function mutation in the CLCN2 chloride channel gene causes primary\n                    aldosteronism","author":"F L Fernandes-Rosa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2550","article-title":"Somatic mutations in ATP1A1 and ATP2B3 lead to aldosterone-producing adenomas\n                    and secondary hypertension","volume":"45","author":"F Beuschlein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1089","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2149","article-title":"A meta-analysis of somatic KCNJ5 K+ channel mutations in 1636 patients\n                    with an aldosterone-producing adenoma","volume":"100","author":"L Lenzini","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07564","article-title":"KCNK3 variants are associated with hyperaldosteronism and hypertension.\n                    Hypertension","volume":"68","author":"A Manichaikul","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89986-8","article-title":"X-chromosome variants are associated with aldosterone producing adenomas","volume":"11","author":"R K Dutta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32896-8","article-title":"Identification of risk loci for primary aldosteronism in genome-wide association\n                    studies","author":"E Le Floch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpz150","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of apparent treatment-resistant hypertension in\n                    the CHARGE consortium: The CHARGE Pharmacogenetics Working Group","volume":"32","author":"M R Irvin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.17964","article-title":"Aldosterone as a mediator of cardiovascular damage","volume":"79","author":"F Buffolo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2017.05.002","article-title":"Vascular dysfunction and fibrosis in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive\n                    rats: The aldosterone-mineralocorticoid receptor-Nox1 axis","volume":"179","author":"A P Harvey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000226054.53527.bb","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of the inhibitory effect of aldosterone on endothelial NO\n                    synthase activity","volume":"48","author":"D Nagata","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(02)00363-5","article-title":"Aldosterone induces contraction of the resistance arteries in man","volume":"166","author":"P Romagni","year":"2003","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1038\/bjp.2008.200","article-title":"Aldosterone induces endothelial dysfunction in resistance arteries from\n                    normotensive and hypertensive rats by increasing thromboxane A 2 and\n                    prostacyclin","volume":"154","author":"F E Xavier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000258414.59393.89","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor activation promotes vascular cell calcification","volume":"27","author":"I Z Jaffe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13648","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15813","article-title":"Aldosterone enhances high phosphate\u2013induced vascular calcification\n                    through inhibition of AMPK-mediated autophagy","volume":"24","author":"J W Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-014-0427-y","article-title":"Direct role for smooth muscle cell mineralocorticoid receptors in vascular\n                    remodeling: Novel mechanisms and clinical implications","author":"J B Koenig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00929.x","article-title":"Aldosterone\/salt induces renal inflammation and fibrosis in hypertensive\n                    rats","volume":"63","author":"E R Blasi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2546","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000748","article-title":"Normoaldosteronemic aldosterone-producing adenoma: Immunochemical\n                    characterization and diagnostic implications","volume":"33","author":"G P Rossi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32833d2192","article-title":"The aldosterone-renin ratio based on the plasma renin activity and the direct\n                    renin assay for diagnosing aldosterone-producing adenoma","volume":"28","author":"G P Rossi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067417","article-title":"Comparison of 24-h urinary aldosterone level and random urinary\n                    aldosterone-to-creatinine ratio in the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism","volume":"8","author":"C H Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.005","article-title":"Primary aldosteronism","volume":"32","author":"J. Funder","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/294594","article-title":"Twenty-four-hour urinary aldosterone predicts inappropriate left ventricular\n                    mass index in patients with primary aldosteronism","volume":"2013","author":"C S Hung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.139832","article-title":"Within-patient reproducibility of the aldosterone: Renin ratio in primary\n                    aldosteronism","volume":"55","author":"G P Rossi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14359","article-title":"Screening rates for primary aldosteronism in resistant hypertension: A cohort\n                    study","author":"G Jaffe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.76","article-title":"A comprehensive review of the clinical aspects of primary aldosteronism","volume":"7","author":"G P. Rossi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.08793","article-title":"Safety of temporary discontinuation of antihypertensive medication in patients\n                    with difficult-to-control hypertension","volume":"69","author":"MM A Beeftink","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgz017","article-title":"Subtyping of primary aldosteronism in the AVIS-2 study: Assessment of\n                    selectivity and lateralization","volume":"2044","author":"G Rossitto","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30367-4","article-title":"Cardiometabolic outcomes and mortality in medically treated primary\n                    aldosteronism: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"6","author":"G L Hundemer","year":"2018","journal-title":"lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.19377","article-title":"Performance of confirmatory tests for diagnosing primary aldosteronism: A\n                    systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"A A Leung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac654","article-title":"Exclusion tests in unilateral primary aldosteronism (ExcluPA) study","volume":"108","author":"R Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/3.7.576","article-title":"Correctable subsets of primary aldosteronism primary adrenal hyperplasia and\n                    renin responsive adenoma","volume":"3","author":"I Irony","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60834-X","article-title":"Prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism in resistant hypertension: A\n                    retrospective observational study","volume":"371","author":"S Douma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002441","article-title":"Prevalence of primary aldosteronism and association with cardiovascular\n                    complications in patients with resistant and refractory hypertension","volume":"38","author":"M Parasiliti-Caprino","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00139","article-title":"The expanding spectrum of primary aldosteronism: Implications for diagnosis,\n                    pathogenesis, and treatment","volume":"39","author":"A Vaidya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-020-00654-w","article-title":"High body fat percentage is associated with primary aldosteronism: A\n                    cross-sectional study","author":"W Manosroi","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1355","article-title":"Are women more at risk of false-positive primary aldosteronism screening and\n                    unnecessary suppression testing than men?","volume":"96","author":"A H Ahmed","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003132","article-title":"11C-Metomidate PET-CT versus adrenal vein sampling to subtype primary\n                    aldosteronism: A prospective clinical trial","volume":"40","author":"T H Puar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.368","article-title":"Lateralization in 11C-metomidate PET and outcome of adrenalectomy in primary\n                    aldosteronism","volume":"5","author":"J Isoj\u00e4rvi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13942","article-title":"11C-Metomidate PET\/CT is a useful adjunct for lateralization of primary\n                    aldosteronism in routine clinical practice","volume":"90","author":"P M O\u2019Shea","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1537","article-title":"Evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of 11C-metomidate positron\n                    emission tomography (PET)-CT for lateralizing aldosterone secretion by\n                    Conn\u2019s adenomas","volume":"97","author":"T J Burton","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-010-0681-7","article-title":"11C-metomidate positron emission tomography after dexamethasone suppression for\n                    detection of small adrenocortical adenomas in primary aldosteronism","volume":"395","author":"J Hennings","year":"2010","journal-title":"Langenbeck\u2019s Arch Surg"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.121.261964","article-title":"Functional characterization of adrenocortical masses in nononcologic patients\n                    using 68Ga-pentixafor","volume":"63","author":"J Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09975","article-title":"Targeting CXCR4 (CXC chemokine receptor type 4) for molecular imaging of\n                    aldosterone-producing adenoma","volume":"71","author":"B Heinze","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02114-5","article-title":"[11C]metomidate PET-CT versus adrenal vein sampling for diagnosing surgically\n                    curable primary aldosteronism: A prospective, within-patient trial","author":"X Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000004369","article-title":"Predicting treatment response in primary aldosteronism using 11C-metomidate\n                    positron emission tomography","volume":"47","author":"C C Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30100-0","article-title":"Adrenal vein sampling versus CT scan to determine treatment in primary\n                    aldosteronism: An outcome-based randomised diagnostic trial","volume":"4","author":"T Dekkers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30240-6","article-title":"Adrenal vein sampling versus CT scanning in primary aldosteronism","volume":"4","author":"J W Funder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09295","article-title":"Adrenal vein sampling is the preferred method to select patients with primary\n                    aldosteronism for adrenalectomy: Pro side of the argument","volume":"71","author":"G P Rossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.18284","article-title":"Feasibility of 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