{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T10:43:27Z","timestamp":1784025807071,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"S 01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Objective\u2003Early establishment of enteral feeds is desirable in very preterm infants, but it may be associated with feeding intolerance. Several feeding methods have been studied with no strong evidence to suggest the preferred feeding method to establish early full enteral feeds. We studied three modalities of feeding in preterm infants \u226432 weeks and \u22641,250\u2009g: continuous infusion (CI), intermittent bolus by infusion (IBI), and intermittent bolus by gravity (IBG) for their effect on time to reach full enteral feeds of 180\u2009mL\/kg\/d.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Study Design\u2003We randomized 146 infants, 49 infants in each CI and IBI group and 48 infants in the IBG group. In the CI group, feeds were delivered by an infusion pump continuously over 24\u2009hours. In the IBI group, feeds were given every 2\u2009hours and infused over 15\u2009minutes by an infusion pump. In the IBG group, feeds were delivered by gravity over 10 to 30\u2009minutes. The intervention was continued till infants reached direct breast\/cup feeds.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results\u2003The mean (standard deviation) gestation in CI, IBI, and IBG groups were 28.4 (2.2), 28.5(1.9), and 28.6 (1.8) weeks, respectively. The time to reach full feeds in CI, IBI, and IBG were not significantly different (median [interquartile range]: 13 [10\u201316], 11.5 [9\u201317], and 13 [9.5\u201314.2] d, respectively, p\u2009=\u20090.71). The proportions of infants who developed feeding intolerance in CI, IBI, and IBG were similar (n [%]: 21 [51.2%], 20 [52.6%], and 22 [64.7%], respectively, p\u2009=\u20090.45). There was no difference in necrotizing enterocolitis \u22652 (p\u2009=\u20090.80), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (p\u2009=\u20090.86), intraventricular hemorrhage \u22652 (p\u2009=\u20090.35), patent ductus arteriosus requiring treatment (p\u2009=\u20090.44), retinopathy of prematurity requiring treatment (p\u2009=\u20090.51), and growth parameters at discharge.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusion\u2003In preterm infants, \u226432 weeks of gestation and birth weight \u22641,250\u2009g, there was no difference in time to reach full enteral feeds in the three modalities of feeding. This study is registered with Clinical Trials Registry India (CTRI) and the registration number is CTRI\/2017\/06\/008792.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Key Points\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2074-1960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T00:14:35Z","timestamp":1681517675000},"page":"e1792-e1799","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Comparison of Three Modalities of Feeding in Preterm Infants \u226432 Weeks and \u22641,250 G: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"41","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"ctri\/2017\/06\/008792","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trial-registry-india"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7986-4714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijay","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Institute of Medical Sciences and Sum Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anup","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pankaj","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neelam","family":"Kler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"S 02","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.013","article-title":"Feeding intolerance in the preterm infant","volume":"89","author":"S 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