{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T21:50:15Z","timestamp":1780437015318,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002543","name":"Pusan National University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignancy on the lower lip. Surgical excision, the standard treatment for SCC, requires full-thickness excision. However, no consensus exists about the appropriate surgical margin. Therefore, we investigated the appropriate surgical margin and excision technique by analyzing 23 years of surgical experience with lower-lip SCC.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003We reviewed 44 patients with lower-lip SCC who underwent surgery from November 1997 to October 2020. Frozen biopsy was performed with an appropriate margin on the left and right sides of the lesion, and the margin below the lesion was the skin above the sulcus boundary. If the frozen biopsy result was positive, an additional session was performed to secure a negative margin. Full-thickness excision was performed until the final negative margin. In each patient, the total number of sessions performed, final surgical margin, and recurrence were analyzed.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003Forty-one cases ended in the first session, 2 ended in the second session, and 1 ended in the third session. The final surgical margins (left and right; n\u2009=\u200988) were 5\u2009mm (66%), 7\u2009mm (9%), 8\u2009mm (2.3%), 10\u2009mm (20.4%), and 15\u2009mm (2.3%). During an average follow-up of 67.4 months (range, 12\u2013227 months), recurrence occurred in one patient.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003The final surgical margin was 5\u2009mm in 66% (58\/88) of the cases, and 97.7% (86\/88) were within 10\u2009mm. Therefore, we set the first frozen biopsy margin to 5\u2009mm, and we suggest that a 5-mm additional excision is appropriate when frozen biopsy results are positive.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2095-6885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T23:02:31Z","timestamp":1684364551000},"page":"377-383","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Appropriate Surgical Margins for Excision of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lower Lip"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6634-2965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung Hyun","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Pusan National University, School of Medicine, Busan, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8600-8799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chan Woo","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Pusan National University, School of Medicine, Busan, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7649-1446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoon Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0268-4667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong Chan","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Pusan National University, School of Medicine, Busan, Korea"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1054\/ijom.2002.0232","article-title":"Surgical margins for resection of squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip","volume":"31","author":"J G de Visscher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e398","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.19595","article-title":"Surgical management of squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip: an experience of 109 cases","volume":"19","author":"W Rena","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2016.3455","article-title":"Epidemiology of squamous cell carcinoma of the lip in the United States: a population-based cohort analysis","volume":"142","author":"A Y Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(03)00245-3","article-title":"Frozen section examination of the margins for resection of squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip","volume":"61","author":"P J Gooris","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0347(199909)21:6<526::AID-HED5>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"A comparison of results after radiotherapy and surgery for stage I squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip","volume":"21","author":"J G de Visscher","year":"1999","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref6","first-page":"103","article-title":"The step technique for the reconstruction of lower lip defects after cancer resection. 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