{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T22:14:21Z","timestamp":1787004861434,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"09","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) may be detected prior to clinical symptoms\n                    through the presence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOab),\n                    thyroglobulin (TGab), or both.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The present study aimed to develop a novel radiobinding assay (RBA) for TPOab and\n                    to determine the prevalence of TPOab and TGab in the Swedish population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Patient samples from 27 newly diagnosed Graves\u2019 disease patients in\n                    longitudinal follow-up and 124 AITD autoantibody-positive children in\n                    prospective follow-up for increased risk of type 1 diabetes were included to\n                    validate the novel RBA for TPO. The results of RBA were compared with those\n                    obtained by commercial radioimmunoassay (RIA) and electrochemiluminescence\n                    (ECL). Furthermore, 476 serum samples from adult blood donors and 297 from\n                    13-year-old school children were analyzed for the presence of TPOab and\n                    TGab.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Receiver operating characteristics analysis for the novel TPOab resulted in an\n                    area under curve (AUC) value of 0.82 (p&lt;0.0001), a sensitivity of\n                    77.8%, and a specificity of 91.9% in adult blood donors, and an\n                    AUC value of 0.70 (p&lt;0.0001), a sensitivity of 53.2% and a\n                    specificity of 95.3% in the 13-year-old school children, respectively.\n                    TPOab levels in RBA correlated with both ECL (r=0.8950,\n                    p&lt;0.0001) and RIA (r=0.9295, p&lt;0.0001). The prevalence\n                    of TPOab and TGab was 6.3% and 7.6% in adult blood donors and\n                    2.9 and 3.7% in 13-year-old school children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In conclusion, a novel RBA for the determination of TPOab was developed and\n                    validated with current methodologies. This study also reports an increasing\n                    prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies from adolescence to adulthood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2096-9641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T19:06:11Z","timestamp":1687979171000},"page":"456-462","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prevalence of Thyroid Peroxidase and Thyroglobulin Autoantibodies in\n                    the Swedish Population"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Neele","family":"Bergemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Malm\u00f6, Lund University,\n                    Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berglind","family":"Jonsdottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Malm\u00f6, Lund University,\n                    Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna-Lena","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Malm\u00f6, Lund University,\n                    Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikael","family":"Lantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Sciences,\n                    Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, Lund University, Malm\u00f6 and Lund,\n                    Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Lind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Malm\u00f6, Lund University,\n                    Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00521","article-title":"Thyroid autoimmunity: Role of anti-thyroid antibodies in thyroid and\n                    extra-thyroidal diseases","volume":"8","author":"E Fr\u00f6hlich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.10.016","article-title":"Autoimmune thyroid disorders","volume":"14","author":"A Antonelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"146","article-title":"Relationship between anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody and thyroid function\n                    test","volume":"3","author":"S M Ghoraishian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Iran J Immunol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.2.8182","article-title":"Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to\n                    1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)","volume":"87","author":"J G Hollowell","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02422.x","article-title":"Evaluation of conformational epitopes on thyroid peroxidase by antipeptide\n                    antibody binding and mutagenesis","volume":"136","author":"M Gora","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1179\/135100000101535681","article-title":"Human thyroid peroxidase: Mapping of autoantibodies, conformational epitopes to\n                    the enzyme surface","volume":"5","author":"A Gardas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Redox Report"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4966","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.9.4966","article-title":"Unique autoantibody epitopes in an immunodominant region of thyroid peroxidase\n                    (*)","volume":"271","author":"P L Arscott","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01845","article-title":"Thyroid autoantibodies display both \u201cOriginal Antigenic Sin\u201d and\n                    epitope spreading","volume":"8","author":"S M McLachlan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9560","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M211930200","article-title":"Localization of the discontinuous immunodominant region recognized by human\n                    anti-thyroperoxidase autoantibodies in autoimmune thyroid diseases","volume":"278","author":"D Bresson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2007.08.005","article-title":"Accepting clocks that tell time poorly: Fluid-phase versus standard ELISA\n                    autoantibody assays","volume":"125","author":"E Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01845","article-title":"Thyroid autoantibodies display both \u201cOriginal Antigenic Sin\u201d and\n                    epitope spreading","volume":"8","author":"S M McLachlan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S52","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.suppl_2.s52","article-title":"Autoantibodies in diabetes","volume":"54","author":"C Pihoker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(95)00139-2","article-title":"Radioimmunoassays for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) and GAD65\n                    autoantibodies using 35S or 3H recombinant human ligands","volume":"186","author":"A Falorni","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1991.tb05749.x","article-title":"Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in sera from healthy subjects and from\n                    patients with chronic thyroiditis: Differences in the ability to inhibit thyroid\n                    peroxidase activities","volume":"85","author":"Y Kohno","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/43.8.1392","article-title":"Effect of anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies on TPO activity measured by\n                    chemiluminescence assay","volume":"43","author":"V Kaczur","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.1230493","article-title":"Geographical distribution of subclinical autoimmune thyroid disease in Britain:\n                    A study using highly sensitive direct assays for autoantibodies to thyroglobulin\n                    and thyroid peroxidase","volume":"123","author":"L M Prentice","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-012-9703-2","article-title":"The incidence and prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity","volume":"42","author":"DS A McLeod","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2005.02424.x","article-title":"Investigations of thyroid hormones and antibodies based on a community health\n                    survey: The Busselton thyroid study","volume":"64","author":"P C O\u2019Leary","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1430639","article-title":"Prevalence of thyroid disease, thyroid dysfunction and thyroid peroxidase\n                    antibodies in a large, unselected population. The Health Study of Nord-Trondelag\n                    (HUNT)","volume":"143","author":"T Bjoro","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2368","article-title":"Antithyroperoxidase and antithyroglobulin antibodies in a five-year follow-up\n                    survey of populations with different iodine intakes","volume":"93","author":"Y Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17016","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.16","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"3","author":"A Katsarou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1380-z","article-title":"Celiac disease: A comprehensive current review","volume":"17","author":"G Caio","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2002.098","article-title":"Immunoassay of anti-thyroid autoantibodies: High analytical variability in\n                    second generation methods","volume":"40","author":"R Tozzoli","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24127","article-title":"Serological evaluation of possible exposure to Ljungan virus and related\n                    parechovirus in autoimmune (type 1) diabetes in children","volume":"87","author":"A-L Nilsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1080\/08916934.2018.1519027","article-title":"Childhood thyroid autoimmunity and relation to islet autoantibodies in children\n                    at risk for type 1 diabetes in the diabetes prediction in sk\u00e5ne (DiPiS)\n                    study","volume":"51","author":"B Jonsdottir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00408469","article-title":"A novel radioligand binding assay to determine diagnostic accuracy of\n                    isoform-specific glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies in childhood IDDM","volume":"37","author":"C E Grubin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1644","article-title":"Serological evidence of thyroid autoimmunity among schoolchildren in two\n                    different socioeconomic environments","volume":"93","author":"A Kondrashova","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417356","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/417356","article-title":"Prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in children with celiac disease compared to\n                    healthy 12-year olds","volume":"2014","author":"M van der Pals","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autoimmune Dis"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s13317-017-0096-3","article-title":"Definition of the upper reference limit for thyroglobulin antibodies according\n                    to the National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry guidelines: Comparison of\n                    eleven different automated methods","volume":"8","author":"F D\u2019Aurizio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Auto Immun Highlights"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2015.10.025","article-title":"The upper reference limit for thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies is\n                    method-dependent: A collaborative study with biomedical industries","volume":"452","author":"R Tozzoli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinica Chimica Acta"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1995.tb01894.x","article-title":"The incidence of thyroid disorders in the community: A twenty-year follow-up of\n                    the Whickham Survey","volume":"43","author":"MP J Vanderpump","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clinical Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060514562487","article-title":"The association between thyroid autoantibodies in serum and abnormal function\n                    and structure of the thyroid","volume":"43","author":"Y R Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02060","article-title":"The relative importance of genetic and environmental effects for the early\n                    stages of thyroid autoimmunity: A study of healthy Danish twins","volume":"154","author":"P S Hansen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2015.10.025","article-title":"The upper reference limit for thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies is\n                    method-dependent: A collaborative study with biomedical industries","volume":"452","author":"R Tozzoli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2019.304196","article-title":"Islet Autoantibody Standardization Program 2018 Workshop: Interlaboratory\n                    comparison of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody assay performance","volume":"65","author":"V Lampasona","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Chem"}],"container-title":["Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2096-9641.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T18:58:41Z","timestamp":1694199521000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2096-9641"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"09","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2096-9641","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0947-7349","1439-3646"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0947-7349","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3646","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]]}}}