{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T06:33:41Z","timestamp":1792132421889,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Objective  To evaluate different methods of monitoring body temperature in\n                    anesthetized dogs with comparison to core temperature obtained via esophageal\n                    probe.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods  Client-owned dogs undergoing general anesthesia for various\n                    procedures were included in this observational study. The temperature was taken\n                    sequentially every 10\u2009minutes from the rectum, axilla, and nasal cavity\n                    with a digital thermistor thermometer, and compared to esophageal core\n                    temperature via paired t-tests. Differences from the gold standard esophageal\n                    temperature were assessed via Bland-Altman plots and further evaluated for\n                    factors like time under anesthesia and presence of Hypo-\/Normo- or\n                    Hyperthermia. In addition, it was analyzed whether a correction factor for\n                    peripheral measurement sites (nasal cavity and axilla) would be applicable in a\n                    reliable representation of the body temperature. The level of significance in\n                    all tests was set at p&lt;0.05.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results  In this study, 95 simultaneous temperature measurements at the 4\n                    different sites were obtained from 30 dogs. Mean difference and limits of\n                    agreement from esophageal temperature for the different measurement methods were\n                    0.0\u00b10.72\u00b0C for rectal temperature,\n                    \u22121.2\u00b11.42\u00b0C for axillary and\n                    \u22121.0\u00b12.02\u00b0C for nasal temperature. Axillary and nasal\n                    temperatures were not significantly different (p=0.5721 and\n                    p=0.9287, respectively) from esophageal temperature with a\n                    +1.2\u00b0C and +1\u00b0C correction factor,\n                    respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion and Clinical relevance  During perioperative temperature\n                    measurement in anesthetized patients, rectal and esophageal measurements can be\n                    used interchangeable. However, if these are not available, the use of axillary\n                    or nasal sites is only reliable after applying a correction factor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2103-3162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T18:36:35Z","timestamp":1691778995000},"page":"161-167","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Body temperature measurement in anesthetized dogs \u2013\n                    comparison of nasal, axillary, rectal and esophageal temperature"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Rob","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush Veterinary\n                    Centre, Roslin, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Queen\u2019s Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge,\n                    Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"McMillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ralph Veterinary Referral Centre, Marlow, United\n                    Kingdom"},{"name":"Queen\u2019s Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge,\n                    Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Gittel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen\u2019s Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge,\n                    Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00424.x","article-title":"Comparative study on the sedative effects of morphine, methadone, butorphanol or\n                    tramadol, in combination with acepromazine, in dogs","volume":"36","author":"E R Monteiro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.1222","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary effects of fentanyl in conscious dogs and dogs sedated with a\n                    continuous rate infusion of medetomidine","volume":"66","author":"K A Grimm","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540380041029","article-title":"Perioperative maintenance of normothermia reduces the incidence of morbid\n                    cardiac events. 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