{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T20:25:54Z","timestamp":1774470354659,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"S 01","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NCT02784821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCT02784821"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Objective\u2003Antibiotics are one of the most widely used medications in today's neonatal intensive care units. Indiscriminate antibiotic usage persists in preterm newborns who are symptomatic due to factors linked to prematurity rather than being septic. Previous studies in older infants suggest that prior antibiotic administration is associated with possible dysmotility and microbial dysbiosis in the intestinal tract. We hypothesize that early antibiotic administration impacts high-risk preterm infants' tolerance to enteral feeding advancement.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Study Design As part of the Routine Early Antibiotic Use in SymptOmatic Preterm Neonates study, symptomatic preterm newborns without maternal infection risk factors were randomized to receive or not receive antibiotics, with C1 receiving antibiotics and C2 not. Of the 55 newborns that underwent pragmatic randomization, 28 preterm neonates in group C1 received antibiotics.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results The premature neonates in the randomized groups who received antibiotics and those who did not showed no differences in sustained feeding tolerance.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusion\u2003Our investigation of the risk of feeding issues in babies who get antibiotics early in life revealed no differences between neonates who received antibiotics and those who did not when the randomized controlled trial data alone was reviewed. Given the sample sizes, it is uncertain if the preceding analysis is powerful enough to detect differences (a significant percentage of neonates who were randomly assigned to NOT get antibiotics subsequently received early treatment due to changing clinical conditions). This affirms the requirement for a meticulously designed prospective randomized study.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Key Points\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2108-1960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T23:32:11Z","timestamp":1686612731000},"page":"e2248-e2253","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Antibiotics Use and Its Effects on the Establishment of Feeding Tolerance in Preterm Neonates"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Neel K.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Shands Children's Hospital, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lester","family":"Will","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Shands Children's Hospital, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharef","family":"Al-Mulaabed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Presbyterian Medical Group, Albuquerque, New Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Ruoss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Shands Children's Hospital, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Shands Children's Hospital, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diomel","family":"de La Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Shands Children's Hospital, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Gurka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Research Hub (PoRCH), Department of Pediatrics in the College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Neu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Shands Children's Hospital, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"05","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/69.5.1035s","article-title":"Developmental microbial ecology of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract","volume":"69","author":"R I Mackie","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Clin 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Patton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-0804-y","article-title":"Microbiome of the first stool after birth and infantile colic","volume":"88","author":"K Korpela","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-3423","article-title":"Prolonged duration of initial empirical antibiotic treatment is associated with increased rates of necrotizing enterocolitis and death for extremely low birth weight infants","volume":"123","author":"C M Cotten","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S61","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2010.185","article-title":"Improved outcomes with a standardized feeding protocol for very low birth weight infants","volume":"31","author":"K R McCallie","year":"2011","journal-title":"J 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